Netty超时控制handler

       Netty为超时控制封装了两个类ReadTimeoutHandler和WriteTimeoutHandler，ReadTimeoutHandler，用于控制读取数据的时候的超时，如果在设置时间段内都没有数据读取了，那么就引发超时，然后关闭当前的channel；WriteTimeoutHandler，用于控制数据输出的时候的超时，如果在设置时间段内都没有数据写了，那么就超时。它们都是IdleStateHandler的子类。
       开刀一下ReadTimeoutHandler：

public class ReadTimeoutHandler extends IdleStateHandler {
    private boolean closed;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param timeoutSeconds
     *        read timeout in seconds
     */
    public ReadTimeoutHandler(int timeoutSeconds) {
        this(timeoutSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param timeout
     *        read timeout
     * @param unit
     *        the {@link TimeUnit} of {@code timeout}
     */
    public ReadTimeoutHandler(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
        super(timeout, 0, 0, unit);
    }

    @Override
    protected final void channelIdle(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, IdleStateEvent evt) throws Exception {
        assert evt.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE;
        readTimedOut(ctx);
    }

    /**
     * Is called when a read timeout was detected.
     */
    protected void readTimedOut(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (!closed) {
            ctx.fireExceptionCaught(ReadTimeoutException.INSTANCE);
            ctx.close();
            closed = true;
        }
    }
}

       ReadTimeoutHandler构造函数实际上调用的是父类IdleStateHandler的构造函数，当链路激活事件触发后，会初始化相关定时任务：

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        // This method will be invoked only if this handler was added
        // before channelActive() event is fired.  If a user adds this handler
        // after the channelActive() event, initialize() will be called by beforeAdd().
        initialize(ctx);
        super.channelActive(ctx);
    }

    private void initialize(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        // Avoid the case where destroy() is called before scheduling timeouts.
        // See: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/143
        switch (state) {
        case 1:
        case 2:
            return;
        }

        state = 1;
        initOutputChanged(ctx);

        lastReadTime = lastWriteTime = ticksInNanos();
        if (readerIdleTimeNanos > 0) {
            readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new ReaderIdleTimeoutTask(ctx),
                    readerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        }
        if (writerIdleTimeNanos > 0) {
            writerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new WriterIdleTimeoutTask(ctx),
                    writerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        }
        if (allIdleTimeNanos > 0) {
            allIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new AllIdleTimeoutTask(ctx),
                    allIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        }
    }

    ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Runnable task, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
        return ctx.executor().schedule(task, delay, unit);
    }

       schedule会获取与该channel绑定的EventLoop来执行定时任务，这里主要看下ReaderIdleTimeoutTask。

    private final class ReaderIdleTimeoutTask extends AbstractIdleTask {

        ReaderIdleTimeoutTask(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            super(ctx);
        }

        @Override
        protected void run(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            long nextDelay = readerIdleTimeNanos;
            if (!reading) {
                nextDelay -= ticksInNanos() - lastReadTime;
            }

            if (nextDelay <= 0) {
                // Reader is idle - set a new timeout and notify the callback.
                readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, readerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); //这里相当于再设置一下timeout，确保channel关闭

                boolean first = firstReaderIdleEvent;
                firstReaderIdleEvent = false;

                try {
                    IdleStateEvent event = newIdleStateEvent(IdleState.READER_IDLE, first);
                    channelIdle(ctx, event);
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    ctx.fireExceptionCaught(t);
                }
            } else {
                // Read occurred before the timeout - set a new timeout with shorter delay.
                readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, nextDelay, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            }
        }
    }

       当超时发生后，会调用到channelIdle方法，ReadTimeoutHandler重写（Overriding）了该方法，ReadTimeoutHandler会抛出一个ReadTimeoutException.INSTANCE异常，然后关闭掉对应的ChannelHandlerContext。
       那个在自定义的Handler中需要关注exceptionCaught：

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        if (cause instanceof ReadTimeoutException) {
            // do something
        } else {
            super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
        }
    }