工具接口标准(TIS)可执行链接格式(ELF)规范-卷I-前言

本文是对Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification Version 1.2的翻译

工具接口标准(TIS)可执行链接格式(ELF)规范版本 1.2

翻译以中英对照方式，英语水平有限，如有翻译不当的地方，请谅解。

Preface
前言
This Executable and Linking Format Specification, Version 1.2, is the result of the work of the Tool Interface Standards (TIS) Committee--an association of members of the microcomputer industry formed to work toward standardization of the software interfaces visible to development tools for 32-bit Intel Architecture operating environments. Such interfaces include object module formats, executable file formats, and debug record information and formats.
版本1.2的可执行链接标准是TIS委员会（一个微型计算机行业成员，微型计算机行业是为了标准化32位Intel架构操作环境下软件开发接口而成立的）的成果。这些接口包括对象模块格式、可执行文件格式，以及调试记录信息和格式。

The goal of the committee is to help streamline the software development process throughout the microcomputer industry, currently concentrating on 32-bit operating environments. To that end, the committee has developed specifications--some for file formats that are portable across leading industry operating systems, and others describing formats for 32-bit Windows* operating systems. Originally distributed collectively as the TIS Portable Formats Specifications Version 1.1, these specifications are now separated and distributed individually.
TIS委员会的成果是为了帮助微型计算机行业软件开发过程实现流水线化，当前关注点在32位操作环境。为此，TIS委员会设计了标准（标准中的一些用于跨越主导产业的操作系统，其它用于描述32位Windows操作系统文件格式）。最初这些标准被作为TIS可移植格式标准版本1.1共同发布，但现在这些标准被分开单独发布。

TIS Committee members include representatives from Absoft, Autodesk, Borland International Corporation, IBM Corporation, Intel Corporation, Lahey, Lotus Corporation, MetaWare Corporation, Microtec Research, Microsoft Corporation, Novell Corporation, The Santa Cruz Operation, and WATCOM International Corporation. PharLap Software Incorporated and Symantec Corporation also participated in the specification definition efforts.This specification like the others in the TIS collection of specifications is based on existing, proven formats in keeping with the TIS Committee's goal to adopt, and when necessary, extend existing standards rather than invent new ones.
TIS委员会成员包括来自以下公司的代表：Absoft, Autodesk, Borland International Corporation, IBM Corporation, Intel Corporation, Lahey, Lotus Corporation, MetaWare Corporation, Microtec Research, Microsoft Corporation, Novell Corporation, The Santa Cruz Operation, and WATCOM International Corporation。PharLap Software Incorporated 和 Symantec Corporation也参与了标准的定义。
同TIS委员会收集的其它规范，本规范也基于已存在、久经考验的格式，符合TIS委员会采纳的目标，扩展已有标准比发明一个新的标准更有必要。

About ELF: Executable and Linking Format
关于ELF：可执行链接格式
The Executable and Linking Format was originally developed and published by UNIX System Laboratories (USL) as part of the Application Binary Interface (ABI). The Tool Interface Standards committee (TIS) has selected the evolving ELF standard as a portable object file format that works on 32-bit Intel Architecture environments for a variety of operating systems.The ELF standard is intended to streamline software development by providing developers with a set of binary interface definitions that extend across multiple operating environments. This should reduce the number of different interface implementations, thereby reducing the need for recoding and recompiling code.
可执行链接格式初始是UNIX系统实验室(USL)作为应用程序二进制接口(ABI)的一部分进行开发和发布的。TIS委员会选择了演变的ELF标准作为可移植对象文件，该文件能够工作在32位Intel架构环境下的各种操作系统上。ELF标准的设计意图是通过为开发者提供跨操作系统的二进制接口定义的集合，实现软件开发的流水线化。这样将会减少不同接口定义的数量，从而减少重编码和重编译的需求。

About This Document
关于本文档
This document is intended for developers who are creating object or executable files on various 32-bit environment operating systems. In order to extend ELf into different operating systems, the current ELF version 1.2 document has been reorganized based on operating system-specific information. It is divided into the following three books:
• Book I: Executable and Linking Format, describes the object file format called ELF. This book also contains an appendix that describes historical references and lists processor and operating system reserved names and words.
• Book II: Processor Specific(Intel Achitecture), conveys hardware-specific ELF information, such as Intel Architecture information.
• Book III: Operating System Specific, describes ELF information that is operating system dependent, such as System V Release 4 information. This book also contains an appendix that describes ELF information that is both operating system and processor dependent.
本文档为在不同32位操作系统下创建对象和可执行文件的开发者准备。为了扩展ELF到不同的操作系统，当前的1.2版本的ELF文档已经被基于操作系统特性进行重新组织。被分成了以下三卷：

• 卷I：可执行链接文件格式，描述ELF文件格式。本卷的附录部分包含描述历史参照、编目处理和操作系统保留字；
• 卷II：特定处理器（Intel架构），表述硬件相关ELF信息，比如Intel架构信息；
• 卷III：操作系统特性，描述操作系统依赖的ELF信息，比如System V Release 4的信息。本卷附录描述了同时依赖操作系统和处理器的ELF信息。