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Codd's 12 Rules
Dr. E.F. Codd, an IBM researcher, first developed the relational data model in 1970. In 1985, Dr. Codd published a list of 12 rules that concisely define an ideal relational database, which have provided a guideline for the design of all relational database systems ever since.
I use the term "guideline" because, to date, no commercial relational database system fully conforms to all 12 rules. They do represent the relational ideal, though. For a few years, scorecards were kept that rated each commercial product's conformity to Codd's rules. Today, the rules are not talked about as much but remain a goal for relational database design.
Following is a list of Codd's 12 rules, including his original name for each rule and a simplified description. I also have included a note where certain rules are problematic to implement. Don't worry if some of these items are confusing to you, as we move further through this newsletter series we will fill in the details.
Rule 1: The Information Rule
All data should be presented to the user in table form. Last week's newsletter already discussed the basics of this rule.
Rule 2: Guaranteed Rule
All data should be accessible without ambiguity. This can be accomplished through a combination of the table name, primary key, and column name.
Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of Null Values
A field should be allowed to remain empty. This involves the support of a null value, which is distinct from an empty string or a number with a value of zero. Of course, this can't apply to primary keys. In addition, most database implementations support the concept of a nun- null field constraint that prevents null values in a specific table column. 1 <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script>
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这是数据库之父对实现关系型数据库管理系统的12
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Codd's 12 Rules
Dr. E.F. Codd, an IBM researcher, first developed the relational data model in 1970. In 1985, Dr. Codd published a list of 12 rules that concisely define an ideal relational database, which have provided a guideline for the design of all relational database systems ever since.
I use the term "guideline" because, to date, no commercial relational database system fully conforms to all 12 rules. They do represent the relational ideal, though. For a few years, scorecards were kept that rated each commercial product's conformity to Codd's rules. Today, the rules are not talked about as much but remain a goal for relational database design.
Following is a list of Codd's 12 rules, including his original name for each rule and a simplified description. I also have included a note where certain rules are problematic to implement. Don't worry if some of these items are confusing to you, as we move further through this newsletter series we will fill in the details.
Rule 1: The Information Rule
All data should be presented to the user in table form. Last week's newsletter already discussed the basics of this rule.
Rule 2: Guaranteed Rule
All data should be accessible without ambiguity. This can be accomplished through a combination of the table name, primary key, and column name.
Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of Null Values
A field should be allowed to remain empty. This involves the support of a null value, which is distinct from an empty string or a number with a value of zero. Of course, this can't apply to primary keys. In addition, most database implementations support the concept of a nun- null field constraint that prevents null values in a specific table column. 1 <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script>
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