抽象工厂模式,是使得用户接口与实际的对象生成相分离,用户使用统一的接口时,系统根据用户的设置或环境,生成出不同的对象。比如我们的电脑系统,创建窗口时统一使用接口CreateWindow,创建滚动条时使用CreateScrollBar,但是系统在我们设置不同的主题风格时,对生成出来的窗口和滚动条有不同的表现,也就是生成了不同的对象。
如下图所示,Factory就是面向用户的接口,只有创建窗口和滚动条的接口,而实际创建工厂我们交给Style类对象m_pStyle。Style是一个抽象类,派生出PMStyle和MotiStyle,这两个派生类只生成自己风格的窗口和滚动条。当用户改变主题风格时,只是让Factory的Style指针指向不同的Style派生类,接口不变。为了让接口统一,我们也将窗口和滚动条抽象出一个基类,新增风格只需增加它的派生类即可。
实现如下:
product.h:
#ifndef __Product_H_
#define __Product_H_
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class WindowBase
{
public:
virtual ~WindowBase(){};
private:
};
class PMWindow : public WindowBase
{
public:
PMWindow() { cout<<"PMWindows created"<<endl; }
};
class MotiWindow : public WindowBase
{
public:
MotiWindow() { cout<<"MotiWindow created"<<endl; }
};
class ScrollBarBase
{
public:
virtual ~ScrollBarBase(){};
};
class PMScrollBar : public ScrollBarBase
{
public:
PMScrollBar() { cout<<"PMScrollBar created"<<endl; }
};
class MotiScrollBar : public ScrollBarBase
{
public:
MotiScrollBar() { cout<<"MotiScrollBar created"<<endl; }
};
#endif
style.h:
#ifndef __Style_H_
#define __Style_H_
#include "product.h"
class StyleBase
{
public:
virtual ~StyleBase(){};
virtual WindowBase* CreateWindow() = 0;
virtual ScrollBarBase* CreateScrollBar() = 0;
};
class PMStyle : public StyleBase
{
public:
PMStyle() {};
virtual WindowBase* CreateWindow();
virtual ScrollBarBase* CreateScrollBar();
};
class MotiStyle : public StyleBase
{
public:
MotiStyle(){};
virtual WindowBase* CreateWindow();
virtual ScrollBarBase* CreateScrollBar();
};
inline WindowBase* PMStyle::CreateWindow()
{
return new PMWindow;
}
inline ScrollBarBase* PMStyle::CreateScrollBar()
{
return new PMScrollBar;
}
inline WindowBase* MotiStyle::CreateWindow()
{
return new MotiWindow;
}
inline ScrollBarBase* MotiStyle::CreateScrollBar()
{
return new MotiScrollBar;
}
#endif
factory.h:
#ifndef __Factory_H_
#define __Factory_H_
#include "product.h"
#include "Style.h"
class Factory
{
public:
Factory() : m_pStyle(0) {}
~Factory();
void SetStyle(StyleBase* style);
WindowBase* CreateWindow();
ScrollBarBase* CreateScrollBar();
private:
StyleBase* m_pStyle;
};
Factory::~Factory()
{
if(m_pStyle)
delete m_pStyle;
}
void Factory::SetStyle(StyleBase* style)
{
if(m_pStyle)
delete m_pStyle;
m_pStyle =style;
}
WindowBase* Factory::CreateWindow()
{
if(! m_pStyle)
{
cout<<"Unknow style"<<endl;
return NULL;
}
return m_pStyle->CreateWindow();
}
ScrollBarBase* Factory::CreateScrollBar()
{
if(! m_pStyle)
{
cout<<"Unknow style"<<endl;
return NULL;
}
return m_pStyle->CreateScrollBar();
}
#endif
测试如下:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Style.h"
#include "product.h"
#include "Factory.h"
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
Factory factory;
factory.CreateWindow();
factory.SetStyle(new PMStyle);
WindowBase* w = factory.CreateWindow();
ScrollBarBase* s = factory.CreateScrollBar();
delete w;
delete s;
factory.SetStyle(new MotiStyle);
w = factory.CreateWindow();
s = factory.CreateScrollBar();
delete w;
delete s;
return 0;
}
输出:
Unknow style
PMWindows created
PMScrollBar created
MotiWindow created
MotiScrollBar created
可以看到,设置Style为PMStyle时,调用接口创建出来的都是PMStyle类型的控件。当然,这里也可以让Style基类的创建接口创建出默认风格的控件,当有新的Style派生类时,只需要重写具有新风格控件的接口,没有改变风格的控件就用基类Style的。