tensorflow在linux系统上的安装

tensorflow在ubuntu系统上按照官方文档安装起来相对容易，在centos上由于没有apt-get（ yum）相对困难一些，本文会提到一些安装过程中遇到的一些坑及解放方案。

官方文档：https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/get_started/os_setup.html#download-and-setup

System: ubuntu/Centos, 通常linux系统都是针对ubuntu(源码安装时用到的Bazel)

Python: Anaconda3,python2

（一）Conda安装：

conda install -c conda-forge tensorflow

Error:

Missing write permissions in: /export/App/anaconda3

# ls -l /export/App/anaconda3

total 80

drwxrwxr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 12288 Sep 5 15:57 bin

Fix:

# chmod -R 777 /export/App/anaconda3/

# ls -l /export/App/anaconda3

total 80

drwxrwxrwx 2 hadoop hadoop 12288 Sep 5 15:57 bin

下载packages出错：

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

funcsigs: 1.0.2-py27_0 conda-forge

mkl: 11.3.3-0

mock: 2.0.0-py27_0 conda-forge

numpy: 1.11.2-py27_0

pbr: 1.10.0-py27_0 conda-forge

protobuf: 3.0.0-py27_0 conda-forge

six: 1.10.0-py27_1 conda-forge

tensorflow: 0.11.0rc2-py27_0 conda-forge

Fetching packages ...

protobuf-3.0.0 1% ##############################################

CondaRuntimeError: Runtime error: RuntimeError: Runtime error: Could not open u'/root/anaconda2/pkgs/protobuf-3.0.0-py27_0.tar.bz2.part' for writing (HTTPSConnectionPool(host='binstar-cio-packages-prod.s3.amazonaws.com', port=443): Read timed out.).

Fix:

下载protobuf时出错，可以直接去 https://anaconda.org/anaconda/protobuf/files?version=3.0.0下载相应的版本，然后放到anaconda2/pkgs目录下，这里需要重命名：

mv linux-64-protobuf-3.0.0-py27_0.tar.bz2 protobuf-3.0.0-py27_0.tar.bz2

安装完成。但运行时报错:

>>>import tensorflow as tf

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

File "/export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>

from tensorflow.python import *

File "/export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>

from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow

File "/export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 28, in <module>

_pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()

File "/export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper

_mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow', fp, pathname, description)

ImportError: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site- packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so)

问题分析：

上面的问题主要是glibc的版本太低，和tensorflow编译使用的glibc环境不一样，升级glibc是一个危险的动作，可能会造成系统无法运行。

解决参考： http://blog.csdn.net/levy_cui/article/details/51251095

http://blog.csdn.net/daluguishou/article/details/51773830#t26

建议用root用户去操作

下载glibc地址：http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/glibc/

解压tar.xz文件：先 xz -d xxx.tar.xz 将 xxx.tar.xz解压成 xxx.tar 然后，再用 tar xvf xxx.tar来解包

/opt/glibc-2.14/

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/glibc-2.14/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

ImportError: /opt/glibc-2.14/lib/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.17' not found(required by /export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so)

安装2.17，过程和上面相同，这里省略

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/glibc-2.17/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

error while loading shared libraries: __vdso_time: invalid mode for dlopen(): Invalid argument

这里还涉及到了ldconfig

采用直接升级glibc来解决：

这里不是使用export的方式，直接升级解决安装glibc2.17的问题：

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.17.tar.xz

xz -d glibc-2.17.tar.xz

tar -xvf glibc-2.17.tar

cd glibc-2.17

mkdir build

cd build

../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin

// 这里可能会遇到问题：*** LD_LIBRARY_PATH shouldn't contain the current directory when building glibc. Please change the environment variable and run configure again.

// 通过echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH可以得到：/usr/local/lib64，查看环境变量.bashrc里配置了该选项，临时解决：export LD_LIBRARY_PATH= // 还可能遇到的问题：configure: error: support for --no-whole-archive is needed，暂时未解决。

make && make install

需要等大概10分钟。

输入strings /lib64/libc.so.6|grep GLIBC发现已经更新

执行后，又会遇到下面的glibc++的错误：

ImportError: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.19' not found (required by /opt/jmr/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so)

同样，直接升级glibc++来解决：

strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX //注意地址： /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6

wget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/gcc-4.9/libstdc++6_4.9.2-10_amd64.deb

ar -x libstdc++6_4.9.2-10_amd64.deb

xz -d data.tar.xz

tar xvf data.tar

cd usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/

find / -name libstdc++.so.6

mv /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.bak

cp libstdc++.so.6.0.20 /usr/lib64/

cd /usr/lib64/

chmod +x libstdc++.so.6.0.20

ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.20 libstdc++.so.6

继续执行，报错：

ImportError: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.18' not found (required by libstdc++.so.6)

直接安装最新版本，高版本是兼容低版本的，但是一些高版本是不能安装在较低的软件环境中：

从 http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.18.tar.xz 下载,重复上面的步骤。

把所有需要的依赖升级完后，安装完成，最新版没问题。

（二）Pip安装

https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.9/get_started/os_setup.html#pip-installation

python3.5:

export TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-0.9.0-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64.whl

sudo pip3 install --upgrade $TF_BINARY_URL

报错：

Installing collected packages: setuptools, protobuf, numpy, tensorflow

Found existing installation: setuptools 23.0.0

Cannot remove entries from nonexistent file /export/App/anaconda3/envs/ml3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/easy-install.pth

（三）源码安装:

https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/get_started/os_setup.html#installing-from-sources

（1）git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow --recursive

（2）安装google的bazel来编译：

下载地址：https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases

chmod +x PATH_TO_INSTALL.SH

./PATH_TO_INSTALL.SH --user

直接安装如果失败，可以尝试从源码安装bazel：

git clone https://github.com/ibmsoe/bazel

cd bazel

git checkout master

./compile.sh

Build successful! Binary is here: /export/App/bazel/output/bazel

注意安装完后的路径是上面给出的路径，由于上面的sh已经把bazel安装到/usr/local/bin/bazel下，所以要使用新安装的bazel修改 tensorflow/configure里的bazel改为绝对路径。

（3）安装其他依赖：

# For Python 2.7:

$ sudo apt-get install python-numpy swig python-dev python-wheel

# For Python 3.x:

$ sudo apt-get install python3-numpy swig python3-dev python3-wheel

（4）configuration:

./configure

会提示more than serveral minutes，以及修改参数：

bazel clean --expunge_async

报错：

ROR: /root/.cache/bazel/_bazel_root/9571b1b1b31378f1c909e87f9c9ba23a/external/com_googlesource_code_re2/BUILD:11:1: C++ compilation of rule '@com_googlesource_code_re2//:re2' failed: gcc failed: error executing command /usr/bin/gcc -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE '-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1' -fstack-protector -Wall -Wl,-z,-relro,-z,now -B/usr/bin -B/usr/bin -Wunused-but-set-parameter -Wno-free-nonheap-object -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g0 ... (remaining 29 argument(s) skipped): com.google.devtools.build.lib.shell.BadExitStatusException: Process exited with status 1.

In file included from external/com_googlesource_code_re2/re2/prog.h:19,

from external/com_googlesource_code_re2/re2/bitstate.cc:25:

This is due to the lack of cpu ram or swap. you can modify --jobs value or --ram_utilization_factor value . or check if there is any process that occupies large ram. and kill it. It happends to me that there may exist two bazel servers. so I need to kill one.

（5）Create the pip package and install：

bazel build -c opt //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package

报错：

/usr/local/bin/bazel: line 88: /usr/local/lib/bazel/bin/bazel-real: cannot execute binary file

这里解决是重新安装bazel，参考（2）中的从源码安装bazel

（6）安装

mkdir _python_build

cd _python_build

ln -s ../bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package.runfiles/org_tensorflow/* .

ln -s ../tensorflow/tools/pip_package/* .

python setup.py develop