基本异常处理

1. 基本格式：

try{
    /* code block*/
} catch(Exception $e){  # $e是异常类的实例对象
    /* handle code */
} finally{
    /* finally code */
}

2. 手动引发异常：

throw new Exception($message, $code);

3. Exception Class method:

getCode()       // Returns the code as passed to the constructor
getMessage()    // Returns the message as passed to the constructor
getFile()       //Returns the full path to the code file where the exception was raised
getLine()       //Returns the line number in the code file where the exception was raised
getTrace()      //Returns an array containing a backtrace where the exception was raised
getTraceAsString()  //Returns the same information as getTrace, formatted as a string
getPrevious()       //Returns the previous exception (from the third parameter to the constructor)
__toString()        //Allows you to simply echo an  Exception object, giving all the information from the above methods, 即直接以字符串的形式显示$e,等同于echo $e

4. 用户自定义的异常：
   Exception基类中除了__toString()是公有方法外，其它方法均为final，所以用户只能修改__toString()方法来更改显示样式及异常类的名称。 # 通过不同的异常类可以方便地排查错误

5. 用错误抑制符@修饰的代码在发生错误时无论是否引发异常（取决于php.ini的配置）都会产生警告。