使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--7.1 （模拟键盘输入数据在自动化测试中的应用)

Chapter 7 Simulated keyboard

 

7.1模拟键盘输入

7.1.1 Introduction

此部分我们通过System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys类中的Send方法来模拟通过键盘输入数据到相应的控件中。

7.1.2 SendKeys Class Introduction（MSDN）

使用 SendKeys 将键击和组合键击发送到活动应用程序。此类无法实例化。若要发送一个键击给某个类并立即继续程序流，请使用Send。若要等待键击启动的任何进程，请使用SendWait。

每个键都由一个或多个字符表示。若要指定单个键盘字符，请使用该字符本身。例如，若要表示字母 A，请将字符串“A”传递给方法。若要表示多个字符，请将各个附加字符追加到它之前的字符的后面。若要表示字母 A、B和 C，请将参数指定为“ABC”。

加号 (+)、插入符号 (^)、百分号 (%)、波浪号 (~)以及圆括号 ( ) 对 SendKeys具有特殊含义。若要指定这些字符中的某个字符，请将其放在大括号 ({}) 内。例如，若要指定加号，请使用“{+}”。若要指定大括号字符，请使用“{{}”和“{}}”。中括号 ([ ])对 SendKeys 没有特殊含义，但必须将它们放在大括号内。在其他应用程序中，中括号具有特殊含义，此含义可能会在发生动态数据交换 (DDE)时起重要作用。

7.1.3 SendKeys Method（MSDN）

SendKeys有两个重要的方法：

1.         Send方法：向活动应用程序发送击键。 

2.         SendWait方法：向活动应用程序发送给定的键，然后等待消息被处理。 

有关SendKeys的参考： 英文站点：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8c6yea83(VS.85).aspx 中文站点：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.windows.forms.sendkeys_methods(VS.80).aspx

 

    下面我们通过一个实例来演示通过SendKeys类来模拟键盘操作进行数据输入和快捷菜单的打开：

using System; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Forms;   namespace UIATest {     class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             Process process = Process.Start(@"E:\WorkBook\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe");             int processId = process.Id;               AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId,"textBox1");             SendKeys sendkeys =new SendKeys();             sendkeys.Sendkeys(element, "Sending keys to input data");             Console.WriteLine(sendkeys.ToString());             sendkeys.Sendkeys(element, sendkeys.ContextMenu);             Console.WriteLine(sendkeys.ToString());             Console.WriteLine("Test finised.");           }           ///<summary>         /// Get the automation elemention of current form.         ///</summary>         ///<param name="processId">Process Id</param>         ///<returns>Target element</returns>         public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId)         {             AutomationElement targetWindow =null;             int count = 0;             try             {                 Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId);                 targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle);                 return targetWindow;             }             catch (Exception ex)             {                 count++;                 StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();                 string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString();                 if (count > 5)                 {                     throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex);                 }                 else                 {                     return FindWindowByProcessId(processId);                 }             }         }           ///<summary>         /// Get the automation element by automation Id.         ///</summary>         ///<param name="windowName">Window name</param>         ///<param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param>         ///<returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns>         public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId,string automationId)         {             AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId);             AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants,             new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId));             return tarFindElement;         }     } }

      我们自定义一个SendKeys类来对已有的SendKeys类进行优化，代码如下：

using System; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Threading; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms;   namespace UIATest {     public class SendKeys     {         StringBuilder builder =new StringBuilder();           public string Alt = "%";         public string ContextMenu = "+{F10}";         public string Ctrl = "^";         public string Shift = "+";         public string Enter = "{Enter}";         public string Delete = "{Del}";         public string Save = "^S";         public string SaveAll = "^+S";         public string Copy = "^C";         public string Cut = "^X";         public string Paste = "^V";         public string Undo = "^Z";         public string Redo = "^Y";         public string Print = "^P";         public string Help = "{F1}";         public string New = "^N";           public string[] Keys{ get; set; }             public void Sendkeys(AutomationElement element,string[] keys)         {             this.Keys = keys;             try             {                 element.SetFocus();             }             catch (Exception exception)             {                 throw new Exception("Cannot set focus to this element.", exception);             }             string myKeys = "";             foreach (string str2in this.Keys)             {                 myKeys = myKeys + str2;             }             Thread.Sleep(200);             if ((this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'^') || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'%')) || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'+'))             {                 myKeys = myKeys.ToLower();             }             System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait(myKeys);             Thread.Sleep(0x3e8);         }           public void Sendkeys(AutomationElement element,string myKeys)         {             this.Keys = new string[1];             this.Keys[0] = myKeys;             try             {                 element.SetFocus();             }             catch (Exception exception)             {                 throw new Exception("Cannot set focus to this element.", exception);             }             Thread.Sleep(200);             if ((this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'^') || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'%')) || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'+'))             {                 myKeys = myKeys.ToLower();             }             System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait(myKeys);             Thread.Sleep(0x3e8);         }                 private bool ContainsUnescapedKey(string keys, char key)         {             for (int i = 0; i < keys.Length; i++)             {                 if (keys[i] == key)                 {                     if ((i == 0) || (i == (keys.Length - 1)))                     {                         return true;                     }                     if ((keys[i - 1] !='{') || (keys[i + 1] != '}'))                     {                         return true;                     }                 }             }             return false;         }           private string KeysToString(string[] keys)         {                         if (keys != null)             {                 for (int i = 0; i < keys.Length; i++)                 {                     string str = keys[i];                     if (str == null)                     {                         builder.Append(keys[i]);                     }                     int length = keys.Length - 1;                     switch (str)                     {                         case "^":                             builder.Append("Ctrl");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "+{F10}":                             builder.Append("Open Context Menu");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "%":                             builder.Append("Alt");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "+":                             builder.Append("Shift");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^S":                             builder.Append("Save");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^X":                             builder.Append("Cut");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^C":                             builder.Append("Copy");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^V":                             builder.Append("Paste");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^+S":                             builder.Append("Save All");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^P":                             builder.Append("Print");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^Z":                             builder.Append("Undo");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^Y":                             builder.Append("Redo");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         case "^N":                             builder.Append("New");                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                         default:                             builder.Append(keys[i]);                             IsEquals(i, length, builder);                             break;                     }                 }             }             return builder.ToString();         }           void IsEquals(int i,int length, StringBuilder builder)         {             if(i<length)                 builder.Append("+");         }                     #region Public Method           public override string ToString()         {             return string.Format("Sendkeys to input data or operator with keys = '{0}'",                 this.KeysToString(Keys));         }         #endregion     } }

    如下代码为对应的WPF窗体XAML代码：

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.SendKeysInputData"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     Title="SendKeysInputData" Height="250" Width="367">     <Grid>         <TextBox Margin="28,80,41,101" Name="textBox1">             <TextBox.ContextMenu>                 <ContextMenu>                     <MenuItem Header="Open" />                     <MenuItem Header="Save" />                     <MenuItem Header="New" />                     <MenuItem Header="Save As" />                     <MenuItem Header="Load" />                     <MenuItem Header="ReLoad" />                 </ContextMenu>             </TextBox.ContextMenu>         </TextBox>     </Grid> </Window>

7.1.4 Summary

本小节首先简单介绍了如何在.NET通过调用Win32 API来模拟键盘的操作，进而通过实例演示了模拟鼠标与模拟键盘在基于UI Automation的自动化测试中应用。