RabbitMQ的CLI命令行管理工具rabbitmqadmin

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 07:04:49 发布

zhengzizhi

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 07:04:49 发布

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分类专栏： RabbitMQ

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhengzizhi/article/details/77032148

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rabbitmqctl 命令行管理工具

1. 用户管理

用户管理包括增加用户，删除用户，查看用户列表，修改用户密码。
(1) 新增一个用户

rabbitmqctl add_user Username Password

(2) 删除一个用户

rabbitmqctl delete_user Username

(3) 修改用户的密码

rabbitmqctl change_password Username Newpassword

(4) 查看当前用户列表

rabbitmqctl list_users

2. 用户角色
用户角色可分为五类，超级管理员, 监控者, 策略制定者, 普通管理者以及其他。
(1) 超级管理员(administrator)
可登陆管理控制台(启用management plugin的情况下)，可查看所有的信息，并且可以对用户，策略(policy)进行操作。
(2) 监控者(monitoring)
可登陆管理控制台(启用management plugin的情况下)，同时可以查看rabbitmq节点的相关信息(进程数，内存使用情况，磁盘使用情况等)
(3) 策略制定者(policymaker)
可登陆管理控制台(启用management plugin的情况下), 同时可以对policy进行管理。但无法查看节点的相关信息(上图红框标识的部分)。
与administrator的对比，administrator能看到这些内容
(4) 普通管理者(management)
仅可登陆管理控制台(启用management plugin的情况下)，无法看到节点信息，也无法对策略进行管理。
(5) 其他
无法登陆管理控制台，通常就是普通的生产者和消费者。
了解了这些后，就可以根据需要给不同的用户设置不同的角色，以便按需管理。

设置用户角色的命令为：
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags User Tag
User为用户名， Tag为角色名(对应于上面的administrator，monitoring，policymaker，management，或其他自定义名称)。
也可以给同一用户设置多个角色，例如
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags hncscwc monitoring policymaker

3. 用户权限
用户权限指的是用户对exchange，queue的操作权限，包括配置权限，读写权限。配置权限会影响到exchange，queue的声明和删除。读写权限影响到从queue里取消息，向exchange发送消息以及queue和exchange的绑定(bind)操作。

例如：将queue绑定到某exchange上，需要具有queue的可写权限，以及exchange的可读权限；向exchange发送消息需要具有exchange的可写权限；从queue里取数据需要具有queue的可读权限。详细请参考官方文档中"How permissions work"部分。

相关命令为：
(1) 设置用户权限
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p VHostPath User ConfP WriteP ReadP
(2) 查看(指定hostpath)所有用户的权限信息
rabbitmqctl list_permissions [-p VHostPath]
(3) 查看指定用户的权限信息
rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions User
(4) 清除用户的权限信息
rabbitmqctl clear_permissions [-p VHostPath] User

rabbitmqadmin命令行管理工具

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmq-plugins list
Configured: E = explicitly enabled; e = implicitly enabled
| Status:   * = running on rabbit@contoso
|/
[e*] amqp_client                       3.6.10
[e*] cowboy                            1.0.4
[e*] cowlib                            1.0.2
[ ] rabbitmq_amqp1_0                  3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_ldap        3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_mechanism_ssl       3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_consistent_hash_exchange 3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_event_exchange           3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_federation               3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_federation_management    3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_jms_topic_exchange       3.6.10
[E*] rabbitmq_management               3.6.10
[e*] rabbitmq_management_agent         3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_management_visualiser    3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_mqtt                     3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_recent_history_exchange 3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_sharding                 3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel                   3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel_management        3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_stomp                    3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_top                      3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_tracing                  3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_trust_store              3.6.10
[e*] rabbitmq_web_dispatch             3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_web_mqtt                 3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples        3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp                3.6.10
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp_examples       3.6.10
[ ] sockjs                            0.3.4
[root@contoso ~]#

Producer、Exchange、Binding、Queue、Consumer 之间的关系:

Routing Key、Binding Key、Exchange Type 的关系:

概念

Item	Comment
Exchange	消息交换机，它指定消息按什么规则，路由到哪个队列
Queue	消息队列，每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列
Binding	绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来
Routing Key	路由关键字，exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递
Vhost	虚拟主机，可以开设多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离
Producer	消息生产者，就是投递消息的程序
Consumer	消息消费者，就是接受消息的程序
Channel	消息通道，在客户端的每个连接里，可建立多个channel，每个channel代表一个会话任务

投递过程

消息队列的使用过程大概如下：

1.客户端连接到消息队列服务器，打开一个channel
2.客户端声明一个exchange，并设置相关属性
3.客户端声明一个queue，并设置相关属性
4.客户端使用routing key，在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系
5.客户端投递消息到exchange
6.客户端从指定的queue中消费信息

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list users
+-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| name |       hashing_algorithm        |                  password_hash                   |     tags      |
+-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| guest | rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 | FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa | administrator |
+-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users
guest   [administrator]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user testing testing    ##新增一个名称为testing的用户，密码为tesing
Creating user "testing"
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users
testing []
guest   [administrator]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags testing administrator    ##设置用户testing的角色为administrator
Setting tags for user "testing" to [administrator]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users    ##查看当前用户列表
Listing users
testing [administrator]
guest   [administrator]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list users    ## 查看 users
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| name   |       hashing_algorithm        |                  password_hash                   |     tags      |
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| guest   | rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 | FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa | administrator |
| testing | rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 | o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow | administrator |
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list users name
+---------+
| name   |
+---------+
| guest   |
| testing |
+---------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list users tags
+---------------+
|     tags      |
+---------------+
| administrator |
| administrator |
+---------------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list vhosts    ##查看 vhosts

+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| /    |          |
| foo |          |
+------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list connections    ##查看 connections
No items
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list exchanges    ##查看 exchanges

格式化输出

使用 -f 可以指定格式

有如下几种格式 raw_json, long, pretty_json, kvp, tsv, table, bash

默认为 table

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f raw_json list users
[{"name":"guest","password_hash":"FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa","hashing_algorithm":"rabbit_password_hashing_sha256","tags":"administrator"},{"name":"testing","password_hash":"o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow","hashing_algorithm":"rabbit_password_hashing_sha256","tags":"administrator"}]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f long list users

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

             name: guest
hashing_algorithm: rabbit_password_hashing_sha256
    password_hash: FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa
             tags: administrator

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

             name: testing
hashing_algorithm: rabbit_password_hashing_sha256
    password_hash: o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow
             tags: administrator

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f pretty_json list users
[
{
    "hashing_algorithm": "rabbit_password_hashing_sha256",
    "name": "guest",
    "password_hash": "FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa",
    "tags": "administrator"
},
{
    "hashing_algorithm": "rabbit_password_hashing_sha256",
    "name": "testing",
    "password_hash": "o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow",
    "tags": "administrator"
}
]
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f tsv list users
name    hashing_algorithm       password_hash   tags
guest   rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa        administrator
testing rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow        administrator
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f kvp list users
name="guest" hashing_algorithm="rabbit_password_hashing_sha256" password_hash="FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa" tags="administrator"
name="testing" hashing_algorithm="rabbit_password_hashing_sha256" password_hash="o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow" tags="administrator"
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin -f table list users
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| name   |       hashing_algorithm        |                  password_hash                   |     tags      |
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| guest   | rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 | FVQaTL7eZ2r5Qym3rv89F0nRP9ewyjpVtCglxZ3/mKrT1QEa | administrator |
| testing | rabbit_password_hashing_sha256 | o/51IGKGHsAYNqXGXhF14cT5zRat8bfk8va3v4w1p6i/+7ow | administrator |
+---------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------+
[root@contoso ~]#

定义一个 queue

发布一条消息

消费一条信息

定义一个 exchange

exchange 有以下几种类型

direct
topic
headers
fanout

Fanout、Direct、Topic 三种 Exchange Type 的区别

Fanout ：进行最简单的广播
Direct ：最直接的根据整个 routing key 对应
Topic ：可以使用点分 routing key 的模糊匹配

* (star) can substitute for exactly one word

# (hash) can substitute for zero or more words

headers

系统中默认就有如下 exchange

定义 binding

指定 exchange=corp.fanout 后，报 Message published but NOT routed ，然后检查queue 发现并产生新消息，而直接不指定却成功发布了，原因是没有binding，exchange 并不知道将数据转发给谁

binding 定义了 exchange 与 queue 的关系，并且限定了路由的部分规则

信息路由规则一部分由 exchange的类型决定，一部分由 binding 关系决定，binding 的 key 还能起到甄选信息的作用

对于类型为 fanout 的 exchange 比较特别，binding 的 routing_key 会被忽略，直接被广播

解决Message published but NOT routed，我们创建一个 binding

定义第二个queue ，也使用 corp.fanout binding 起来，取 routing_key 为 second

再发一条数据到 corp.fanout 中

这次我们使用 routing_key=first 来投递消息

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 3 |
| test.fanout | 1 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin purge queue name=test
queue purged
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin purge queue name=test.fanout
queue purged
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 0 |
| test.fanout | 0 |
+-------------+----------+

direct 的特性

定义第三个queue ，使用 corp.direct binding 起来

分别使用 third 和 fourth 的 routing_key 来发布消息

从返回的结果来看，direct 的 exchange 就像点对点通信，fanout 的 exchange 就像是广播

topic 的组播，异步特性

定义第四个queue ，使用 corp.topic binding 起来

如果不使用 * 和 # ，那么 topic 的特性就和 direct 一样了

使用以上 routing_key 发送消息

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 0 |
| test.direct | 0 |
| test.fanout | 0 |
| test.topic | 0 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=a.hard.b exchange=corp.topic payload="this is eighth testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 1 |
| test.direct | 0 |
| test.fanout | 0 |
| test.topic | 0 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=a.hard.food exchange=corp.topic payload="this is ninth testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 2 |
| test.direct | 1 |
| test.fanout | 1 |
| test.topic | 0 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=cheap.soft.food exchange=corp.topic payload="this is tenth testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 2 |
| test.direct | 2 |
| test.fanout | 2 |
| test.topic | 1 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=cheap.hard.drink exchange=corp.topic payload="this is eleventh testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 3 |
| test.direct | 2 |
| test.fanout | 2 |
| test.topic | 2 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=xtest exchange=corp.topic payload="this is twelfth testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 3 |
| test.direct | 2 |
| test.fanout | 3 |
| test.topic | 2 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=cheap.hard.food exchange=corp.topic payload="this is thirteenth testing"
Message published
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+-------------+----------+
| name | messages |
+-------------+----------+
| test | 4 |
| test.direct | 3 |
| test.fanout | 4 |
| test.topic | 3 |
+-------------+----------+
[root@contoso ~]#

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl delete_vhost /
Deleting vhost "/"
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl add_vhost /
Creating vhost "/"
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / guest '.*' '.*' '.*'
Setting permissions for user "guest" in vhost "/"
[root@contoso ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server && rabbitmqadmin list exchanges
+--------------------+---------+
|        name        | type   |
+--------------------+---------+
|                    | direct |
| amq.direct         | direct |
| amq.fanout         | fanout |
| amq.headers        | headers |
| amq.match          | headers |
| amq.rabbitmq.log   | topic   |
| amq.rabbitmq.trace | topic   |
| amq.topic          | topic   |
+--------------------+---------+
[root@contoso ~]#

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_vhosts    ##列出所有虚拟主机
Listing vhosts
/
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / guest '.*' '.*' '.*'     ##设置用户权限
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_permissions -p /    ##列出虚拟主机上的所有权限
Listing permissions in vhost "/"
guest   .*      .*      .*
[root@contoso ~]#

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions guest ##列出用户权限
Listing permissions for user "guest"
/       .*      .*      .*
[root@contoso ~]#

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_exchanges -p /
Listing exchanges
amq.rabbitmq.trace      topic
amq.rabbitmq.log        topic
amq.match       headers
amq.headers     headers
amq.topic       topic
amq.direct      direct
amq.fanout      fanout
        direct
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqctl list_channels
Listing channels
<rabbit@contoso.2.11924.0>      guest   1       0
[root@contoso ~]#

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=amq.direct type=direct         ##定义一个 exchange
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=amq.fanout type=fanout         ##定义一个 exchange
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=amq.headers type=headers       ##定义一个 exchange
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=amq.match type=headers         ##定义一个 exchange
[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=amq.topic type=topic           ##定义一个 exchange

[root@contoso ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=corp.direct type=direct

打印 un-acked Messages：

[root@rabbitmq1 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_queues name messages_ready messages_unacknowledged
Listing queues
amq.gen-WRAWofqCxN5fLSMK1QjctA 1       0
amq.gen-GoJxfuiJqHeQKxtlDVqTRA 1       0
amq.gen--iQBuGEbl-yIUzjlYFZeSA 1       0
transfer        0       0
[root@rabbitmq1 ~]#

[root@rabbitmq1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list consumers
+------------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------+
| ack_required | arguments | consumer_tag | exclusive | prefetch_count |
+------------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------+
| True | | amq.ctag-bzBXVZr5iF7R16bq1NYgYw | False | 1 |
+------------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------+
[root@rabbitmq1 ~]#