修改standby库的sys用户的密码导致DG无法传输日志及切换

主库DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB1

备库DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB2

1、由于备库只允许读，要修改sys用户的密码，须先进行主备切换，切换后的主备库状态如下

主库（原备库）：

SQL>  select open_mode,db_unique_name,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE    DB_UNIQUE_NAME    SWITCHOVER_STATUS      DATABASE_ROLE
--------------------    --------------------------      ------------------------------      --------------------------
READ WRITE            DB2                                 TO STANDBY                         PRIMARY

备库（原主库）：

SQL>   select open_mode,db_unique_name,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE     DB_UNIQUE_NAME  SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DATABASE_ROLE
-----------------------    -----------------------    --------------------------         --------------------------  

READ ONLY WITH APPLY         DB1          NOT ALLOWED               PHYSICAL STANDBY

2、修改sys、sysman、dbsnmp用户的密码

SQL> alter user sys identified by "3nManY]";
User altered.

SQL> alter user sysman identified by "3nManY]";
User altered.

SQL> alter user dbsnmp identified by "3nManY]";
User altered.

3、将主库切换到备库时报错，提示心跳失败 

SQL>  alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
 alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16038: log 3 sequence# 8315 cannot be archived
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1:
'/dbdat/orclprd/flash_recovery_area/DB2/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_9z617rdb_.log'

4、查询主库运行状态，显示不正常

SQL>  select open_mode,db_unique_name,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;