创建型模式--工厂方法模式(Factory Method)

 Factory Method:Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.

工厂方法模式又叫虚拟构造子(Virtual Constructor)模式。

一：引入

      Simple Factory在一定程度上支持OCP，但并没有完全支持OCP，其一缺点为当有新的产品加入到系统中时还必须修改工厂类。

public   interface  FruitFactory  ... {
    public Fruit createFruit();
}

public   class  AppleFactory  implements  FruitFactory  ... {
    public Fruit createFruit()
    ...{
        return new Apple();
    }
}


public   class  Client ... {

       public static  Fruit getEatFruit()
       ...{
           Fruit fruit=null;
           FruitFactory fruitFactory=new AppleFactory();
           fruit=fruitFactory.createFruit();
           fruit.pick();
           fruit.peel();
           
           return fruit;
           
       }
       
       public static void main(String args[])
       ...{
           getEatFruit();
       }
      
}
// 这样有新的产品加入时，只要加入对应的Factory,不用修改Simple Factory 中创建部分的代码

 

二：结构

三：实际应用

1. EJB技术构架中

Context ctx = new  InitContext();
EmployeeHome home = (EmployeeHome )ctx.lookup( " Employee " ); // 得到Concrete Factory (EmployeeHome)
Employee emp = home.create( 1001 , " andy " , " Smith " ); // 创建Concrete Product(Employee)
emp.setTel( " 010-1234343 " );

 

四：适用情形

Use the Factory Method pattern when

• a class can't anticipate the class of objects it must create.
• a class wants its subclasses to specify the objects it creates.
• classes delegate responsibility to one of several helper subclasses, and you want to localize the knowledge of which helper subclass is the delegate.

接口稳定，创建的具体类不可预料，经常变；

当然如果这个类十分稳定，就没有必要用Factory模式，如String类，十分稳定，没有其它的子类。

参考文献：
1:阎宏，《Java与模式》，电子工业出版社
2:Eric Freeman & Elisabeth Freeman，《Head First Design Pattern》，O'REILLY
3:GOF ,《designpatterns-elements.of.reuseable.object-oriented.software》