Android中的Fragment回退栈

1、概述

我们知道Activity可以通过栈的方式管理Activity（standard、singleTop、singleTask、singleInstance），那么Fragment怎么实现回退栈，官方提供了addToBackStack(String name)来实现fragment的回退栈，但是效果太差。而replace方法替换Fragment，会造成Fragment的不断销毁和创建，影响效率。本文就自定义实现Fragment的回退栈。

2、实战

（1）Activity代码

package com.chunsoft.fragmentbackstack;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.View;

import java.util.LinkedList;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private FragmentA fragmentA;
    private FragmentB fragmentB;
    private FragmentC fragmentC;

    //保存fragment，不断添加移除，使用LinkedList效率更高
    private LinkedList<Fragment> fragmentsLists = new LinkedList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        fragmentA = new FragmentA();
        fragmentB = new FragmentB();
        fragmentC = new FragmentC();

        findViewById(R.id.btn1).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn2).setOnClickListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn3).setOnClickListener(this);



        /**
         * 1.获取FragmentManager
         */
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        /**
         * 2.通过FragmentManager获取事务管理器
         */
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        /**
         * 3.将Fragment添加到帧布局中
         */
        transaction.add(R.id.fragment,fragmentA).
                add(R.id.fragment,fragmentB).
                add(R.id.fragment,fragmentC).
                hide(fragmentB).
                hide(fragmentC).commit();
        addToBackStack(fragmentA);

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        transaction.hide(fragmentA).hide(fragmentB).hide(fragmentC);
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn1:
                transaction.show(fragmentA);
                addToBackStack(fragmentA);
                break;
            case R.id.btn2:
                transaction.show(fragmentB);
                addToBackStack(fragmentB);
                break;
            case R.id.btn3:
                transaction.show(fragmentC);
                addToBackStack(fragmentC);
                break;
            default:
                break;

        }
        //transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        transaction.commit();
    }
    private void addToBackStack(Fragment fragment) {
        //检查是否包含该fragment
        if (fragmentsLists.contains(fragment)) {
            //包含则移除旧的对象
            fragmentsLists.remove(fragment);
            //在最末端添加该fragment，就是改变顺序
            fragmentsLists.add(fragment);
        } else {
            /／没有，则直接添加
            fragmentsLists.add(fragment);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if (fragmentsLists.size() > 1) {
            //移除最顶端的fragment
            fragmentsLists.remove(fragmentsLists.size() - 1);
//展示次顶端fragment            showFragmnet(fragmentsLists.get(fragmentsLists.size() - 1));
        }else {
            // 推出Activity
            finish();
        }
    }

    private void showFragmnet(Fragment fragment) {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        transaction.hide(fragmentA).hide(fragmentB).hide(fragmentC)
        .show(fragment).commit();
    }
}

（2）XML布局代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.chunsoft.fragmentbackstack.MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">


    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_bottom"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="45dp"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="45dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="fragmentA"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="45dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="fragmentB"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn3"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="45dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="fragmentC"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment"
        android:layout_above="@id/ll_bottom"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
    </FrameLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

(3)fragment实现代码

package com.chunsoft.fragmentbackstack;

import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;


public class FragmentA extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        TextView textView = new TextView(getActivity());
        textView.setText("FragmentA");
        textView.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#00ff00"));
        return textView;
    }
}

这样就很好的实现了Fragment的回退栈，并保证了效率。