Android ANR

Android手机千差万别,因此适配、性能优化等问题相当重要;接下来我将为大家讲解一下ANR


一、ANR:Application Not Responding,即应用无响应

二:ANR的类型

ANR一般有三种类型:

1. KeyDispatchTimeout(5 seconds) --主要类型按键或触摸事件在特定时间内无响应

2. BroadcastTimeout(10 seconds) --BroadcastReceiver在特定时间内无法处理完成

3. ServiceTimeout(20 seconds) --小概率类型 Service在特定的时间内无法处理完成

三:KeyDispatchTimeout

Akey or touch event was not dispatched within the specified time(按键或触摸事件在特定时间内无响应)

具体的超时时间的定义在framework下的ActivityManagerService.java

//How long we wait until we timeout on key dispatching.

staticfinal int KEY_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT = 5*1000

四:为什么会超时呢?

超时时间的计数一般是从按键分发给app开始。超时的原因一般有两种:

(1)当前的事件没有机会得到处理(即UI线程正在处理前一个事件,没有及时的完成或者looper被某种原因阻塞住了)

(2)当前的事件正在处理,但没有及时完成

五:如何避免KeyDispatchTimeout

1. UI线程尽量只做跟UI相关的工作

2. 耗时的工作(比如数据库操作,I/O,连接网络或者别的有可能阻碍UI线程的操作)把它放入单独的线程处理

3. 尽量用Handler来处理UIthread和别的thread之间的交互

六:UI线程

说了那么多的UI线程,那么哪些属于UI线程呢?

UI线程主要包括如下:

1. Activity:onCreate(), onResume(), onDestroy(), onKeyDown(), onClick(),etc

2. AsyncTask: onPreExecute(), onProgressUpdate(), onPostExecute(), onCancel,etc

3. Mainthread handler: handleMessage(), post*(runnable r), etc

4. other

七:如何去分析ANR

先看个LOG:

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04-01 13:12:11.572 I/InputDispatcher( 220): Application is not responding:Window{2b263310com.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivitypaused=false}.
5009.8ms since event, 5009.5ms since waitstarted
04-0113:12:11.572 I/WindowManager( 220): Input event
dispatching timedout sending
tocom.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivity
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/Process( 220): Sending signal. PID: 21404 SIG: 3---发生ANR的时间和生成trace.txt的时间
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/dalvikvm(21404):threadid=4: reacting to
signal 3
……
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): ANR in
com.android.email(com.android.email/.activity.SplitScreenActivity)
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220):
Reason:keyDispatchingTimedOut
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): Load: 8.68 / 8.37 / 8.53
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): CPUusage from 4361ms to 699ms ago ----CPU在ANR发生前的使用情况
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%21404/com.android.email: 1.3% user + 4.1% kernel / faults:
10 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 4.3%220/system_server: 2.7% user + 1.5% kernel / faults: 11
minor 2 major
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.9%52/spi_qsd.0: 0% user + 0.9% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%65/irq/170-cyttsp-: 0% user + 0.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%296/com.android.systemui: 0.5% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 100%TOTAL: 4.8% user + 7.6% kernel + 87% iowait
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): CPUusage from 3697ms to 4223ms later:-- ANR后CPU的使用量
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 25%21404/com.android.email: 25% user + 0% kernel / faults: 191 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 16% 21603/__eas(par.hakan: 16% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 7.2% 21406/GC: 7.2% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 1.8% 21409/Compiler: 1.8% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%220/system_server: 0% user + 5.5% kernel / faults: 1 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5% 263/InputDispatcher: 0% user + 5.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 32%TOTAL: 28% user + 3.7% kernel

从LOG可以看出ANR的类型,CPU的使用情况,如果CPU使用量接近100%,说明当前设备很忙,有可能是CPU饥饿导致了ANR

如果CPU使用量很少,说明主线程被BLOCK了

如果IOwait很高,说明ANR有可能是主线程在进行I/O操作造成的

除了看LOG,解决ANR还得需要trace.txt文件,

如何获取呢?可以用如下命令获取

$chmod 777 /data/anr

$rm /data/anr/traces.txt

$ps

$kill -3 PID

adbpull data/anr/traces.txt ./mytraces.txt
从trace.txt文件,看到最多的是如下的信息:

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-----pid 21404 at 2011 - 04 - 01 13 : 12 : 14 -----
Cmdline: com.android.email
DALVIK THREADS:
(mutexes: tll=0tsl= 0 tscl= 0 ghl= 0 hwl= 0 hwll= 0 )
"main" prio= 5 tid=1NATIVE
| group= "main" sCount= 1 dsCount=0obj= 0x2aad2248 self= 0xcf70
| sysTid= 21404 nice= 0 sched= 0 /0cgrp=[fopen-error: 2 ]
handle= 1876218976
atandroid.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
atandroid.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java: 119 )
atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java: 110 )
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java: 3688 )
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 507 )
atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java: 866 )
at
com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java: 624 )
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)


说明主线程在等待下条消息进入消息队列

八:Thread状态

ThreadState (defined at “dalvik/vm/thread.h “)

THREAD_UNDEFINED = -1, /* makes enum compatible with int32_t */

THREAD_ZOMBIE = 0, /* TERMINATED */

THREAD_RUNNING = 1, /* RUNNABLE or running now */

THREAD_TIMED_WAIT = 2, /* TIMED_WAITING in Object.wait() */

THREAD_MONITOR = 3, /* BLOCKED on a monitor */

THREAD_WAIT = 4, /* WAITING in Object.wait() */

THREAD_INITIALIZING= 5, /* allocated, not yet running */

THREAD_STARTING = 6, /* started, not yet on thread list */

THREAD_NATIVE = 7, /* off in a JNI native method */

THREAD_VMWAIT = 8, /* waiting on a VM resource */

THREAD_SUSPENDED = 9, /* suspended, usually by GC or debugger */

九:如何调查并解决ANR

1. 首先分析log

2. 从trace.txt文件查看调用stack.

3. 看代码

4. 仔细查看ANR的成因(iowait?block?memoryleak?)

十:案例

案例1:关键词:ContentResolver in AsyncTask onPostExecute, high iowait

原因:IOWait很高,说明当前系统在忙于I/O,因此数据库操作被阻塞

原来:

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final Message message=Message.restoreMessageWithId(mProviderContext,messageId);
if (message== null ){
return ;
}
Account account=Account.restoreAccountWithId(mProviderContext,message.mAccountKey);
if (account== null ){
return ; //isMessagingController returns false for null, but let's make itclear.
}
if (isMessagingController(account)){
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run(){
mLegacyController.processPendingActions(message.mAccountKey);
}}.start();
}

解决后:

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newThread() {
finalMessagemessage=Message.restoreMessageWithId(mProviderContext,messageId);
if (message==null){
return ;
}
Accountaccount=Account.restoreAccountWithId(mProviderContext,message.mAccountKey);
if (account==null){
return ; //isMessagingController returns false for null, but let's make itclear.
}
if (isMessagingController(account)) {
mLegacyController.processPendingActions(message.mAccountKey);
}
}.start();

关于AsyncTask:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html

案例2:关键词:在UI线程进行网络数据的读写

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ANRin process: com.android.mediascape:PhotoViewer (last incom.android.mediascape:PhotoViewer)
Annotation:keyDispatchingTimedOut
CPU usage:
Load: 6.74 / 6.89 / 6.12
CPUusage from 8254ms to 3224ms ago:
ovider.webmedia: 4 % = 4 % user + 0 % kernel / faults: 68 minor
system_server: 2 % = 1 % user + 0 %kernel / faults: 18 minor
re-initialized>: 0 % = 0 % user + 0 %kernel / faults: 50 minor
events/ 0 : 0 % = 0 % user + 0 %kernel
TOTAL: 7 % = 6 % user + 1 % kernel
DALVIKTHREADS:
"" main "" prio= 5 tid= 3 NATIVE
|group= "" main "" sCount= 1 dsCount= 0 s=Yobj= 0x4001b240 self= 0xbda8
| sysTid= 2579 nice= 0 sched= 0 /0cgrp=unknown handle=- 1343993184
atorg.apache.harmony.luni.platform.OSNetworkSystem.receiveStreamImpl(NativeMethod)
atorg.apache.harmony.luni.platform.OSNetworkSystem.receiveStream(OSNetworkSystem.java: 478 )
atorg.apache.harmony.luni.net.PlainSocketImpl.read(PlainSocketImpl.java: 565 )
atorg.apache.harmony.luni.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java: 87 )
atorg.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection$LimitedInputStream.read(HttpURLConnection.java: 303 )
atjava.io.InputStream.read(InputStream.java: 133 )
atjava.io.BufferedInputStream.fillbuf(BufferedInputStream.java: 157 )
atjava.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java: 346 )
atandroid.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeStream(Native Method)
atandroid.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java: 459 )
atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.getPreviewImage(PhotoViewerActivity.java: 4465 )
atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.dispPreview(PhotoViewerActivity.java: 4406 )
atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.access$ 6500 (PhotoViewerActivity.java: 125 )
atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity$ 33 $ 1 .run(PhotoViewerActivity.java: 4558 )
atandroid.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java: 587 )
atandroid.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java: 92 )
atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java: 123 )
atandroid.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java: 4370 )
atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 521 )
atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java: 868 )
atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java: 626 )
atdalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

关于网络连接,在设计的时候可以设置个timeout的时间或者放入独立的线程来处理。

关于Handler的问题,可以参考:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Handler.html

案例3:关键词:Memoryleak/Thread leak

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11 - 1621 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): ANR in process:android . process . acore (last in android . process . acore)
11 - 1621 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): Annotation:keyDispatchingTimedOut
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): CPU usage:
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ):Load: 11.5 / 11.1 / 11.09
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): CPU usage from 9046ms to 4018ms ago:
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42. 560I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): d . process . acore: 98 %= 97 % user + 0 % kernel / faults: 1134 minor
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42. 560I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): system_server: 0 % = 0 % user + 0 % kernel /faults: 1 minor
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): adbd: 0 % = 0 % user + 0 % kernel
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): logcat: 0 % = 0 % user + 0 % kernel
11 - 16 21 : 41 : 42. 560I/ActivityManager( 1190 ): TOTAL: 100 % = 98 % user + 1 % kernel
Cmdline: android . process . acore
DALVIK THREADS:
"main"prio= 5 tid= 3 VMWAIT
|group="main" sCount= 1 dsCount= 0 s=N obj=0x40026240self=0xbda8
| sysTid= 1815 nice= 0 sched= 0 / 0 cgrp=unknownhandle=- 1344001376
atdalvik . system . VMRuntime . trackExternalAllocation(NativeMethod)
atandroid . graphics . Bitmap . nativeCreate(Native Method)
atandroid . graphics . Bitmap . createBitmap(Bitmap . java: 468 )
atandroid . view . View . buildDrawingCache(View . java: 6324 )
atandroid . view . View . getDrawingCache(View . java: 6178 )
atandroid . view . ViewGroup . drawChild(ViewGroup . java: 1541 )
……
atcom . android . internal . policy . impl . PhoneWindow $DecorView . draw(PhoneWindow . java: 1830 )
atandroid . view . ViewRoot . draw(ViewRoot . java: 1349 )
atandroid . view . ViewRoot . performTraversals(ViewRoot . java: 1114 )
atandroid . view . ViewRoot . handleMessage(ViewRoot . java: 1633 )
atandroid . os . Handler . dispatchMessage(Handler . java: 99 )
atandroid . os . Looper . loop(Looper . java: 123 )
atandroid . app . ActivityThread . main(ActivityThread . java: 4370 )
atjava . lang . reflect . Method . invokeNative(Native Method)
atjava . lang . reflect . Method . invoke(Method . java: 521 )
atcom . android . internal . os . ZygoteInit $MethodAndArgsCaller . run(ZygoteInit . java: 868 )
atcom . android . internal . os . ZygoteInit . main(ZygoteInit . java: 626 )
atdalvik . system . NativeStart . main(Native Method)
"Thread- 408 "prio= 5 tid= 329 WAIT
|group="main" sCount= 1 dsCount= 0 s=N obj=0x46910d40self=0xcd0548
| sysTid= 10602 nice= 0 sched= 0 / 0 cgrp=unknownhandle= 15470792
at java . lang . Object . wait(Native Method)
-waiting on <0x468cd420> (a java . lang . Object )
atjava . lang . Object . wait( Object . java: 288 )
atcom . android . dialer . CallLogContentHelper $UiUpdaterExecutor $1 .run(CallLogContentHelper . java: 289 )
atjava . lang . Thread . run(Thread . java: 1096 )

分析:

atdalvik.system.VMRuntime.trackExternalAllocation(NativeMethod)内存不足导致block在创建bitmap上

**MEMINFO in pid 1360 [android.process.acore] **

native dalvik other total

size: 17036 23111 N/A 40147

allocated: 16484 20675 N/A 37159

free: 296 2436 N/A 2732

解决:如果机器的内存族,可以修改虚拟机的内存为36M或更大,不过最好是复查代码,查看哪些内存没有释放


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