fork文件描述符和文件指针的区别

fork1
int main(void)
{
int fd,pid;
char msg1[] = "hello world!\n";
char msg2[] = "i am parent!\n";
char msg3[] = "i am child!\n";

if ( (fd = creat("testfile", "0777")) == -1 ) { 
printf("creat error!\n");
return -1; 
}   
if (write(fd, msg1, strlen(msg1)) == -1) {
printf("write error!\n");
return -1; 
}   

if ( (pid = fork()) == -1 ) { 
printf("fork error!\n");
return -1; 
}   
if (pid == 0) {
//child
if (write(fd, msg3, strlen(msg3)) == -1) {
printf("write child error!\n");
return -1; 
}   
} else {
//parent
if (write(fd, msg2, strlen(msg2)) == -1) {
printf("write parent error!\n");
return -1; 
}   
}  
}
//return 
hello world!
i am child!
i am parent!

fork2

int main(void)
{
FILE *fd;
int pid;
char msg1[] = "hello world!\n";
char msg2[] = "i am parent!\n";
char msg3[] = "i am child!\n";

if ( (fd = fopen("testfile2", "w")) == NULL ) { 
printf("creat error!\n");
return -1; 
}   
fprintf(fd, "%s", msg1);

if ( (pid = fork()) == -1 ) {
printf("fork error!\n");
return -1;
}   
if (pid == 0) {
//child
sleep(3);
fprintf(fd, "%s", msg3);
} else {
//parent
fprintf(fd, "%s", msg2);
}   
fclose(fd);
return 0;
}

return
hello world!
i am parent!
hello world!
i am child!

why?
系统调用写文件：用户空间无缓存管理，调用write后逻辑上可以认为msg1已经写入文件（虽然还有page cache和disk cache），fork后，父子进程只各输出msg2 
标准IO库函数写文件：默认为全缓存，调用fprintf后msg1只是输出到FILE*管理的用户缓存区里，fork后，子进程copy了父进程的很多数据包括刚才的缓存区中的msg1，所以最终父子进程各输出一个msg1 
总之，问题的关键在于是否缓存输出数据

只要在fork2的时候加上fflush就好了