针对《图像语义分割(1)- FCN》介绍的FCN算法,以官方的代码为基础,在 SIFT-Flow 数据集上做训练和测试。
介绍了如何制作自己的训练数据
数据准备
参考文章《FCN网络的训练——以SIFT-Flow 数据集为例》
1) 首先 clone 官方工程
git clone https://github.com/shelhamer/fcn.berkeleyvision.org.git
工程是基于 CAFFE 的,所以也需要提前安装好
2)下载数据集及模型
- 到这里下载 SIFT-Flow 数据集,解压缩到 fcn/data/sift-flow/ 下
- 到这里下载 VGG-16 预训练模型,移动到 fcn/ilsvrc-nets/ 下
- 参考文章《 FCN模型训练中遇到的困难》,到这里下载 VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers_deploy.prototxt
或者直接 copy 以下内容:
name: "VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers"
input: "data"
input_dim: 10
input_dim: 3
input_dim: 224
input_dim: 224
layers {
bottom: "data"
top: "conv1_1"
name: "conv1_1"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 64
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv1_1"
top: "conv1_1"
name: "relu1_1"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv1_1"
top: "conv1_2"
name: "conv1_2"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 64
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv1_2"
top: "conv1_2"
name: "relu1_2"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv1_2"
top: "pool1"
name: "pool1"
type: POOLING
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 2
stride: 2
}
}
layers {
bottom: "pool1"
top: "conv2_1"
name: "conv2_1"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 128
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv2_1"
top: "conv2_1"
name: "relu2_1"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv2_1"
top: "conv2_2"
name: "conv2_2"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 128
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv2_2"
top: "conv2_2"
name: "relu2_2"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv2_2"
top: "pool2"
name: "pool2"
type: POOLING
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 2
stride: 2
}
}
layers {
bottom: "pool2"
top: "conv3_1"
name: "conv3_1"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 256
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_1"
top: "conv3_1"
name: "relu3_1"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_1"
top: "conv3_2"
name: "conv3_2"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 256
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_2"
top: "conv3_2"
name: "relu3_2"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_2"
top: "conv3_3"
name: "conv3_3"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 256
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_3"
top: "conv3_3"
name: "relu3_3"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv3_3"
top: "pool3"
name: "pool3"
type: POOLING
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 2
stride: 2
}
}
layers {
bottom: "pool3"
top: "conv4_1"
name: "conv4_1"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_1"
top: "conv4_1"
name: "relu4_1"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_1"
top: "conv4_2"
name: "conv4_2"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_2"
top: "conv4_2"
name: "relu4_2"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_2"
top: "conv4_3"
name: "conv4_3"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_3"
top: "conv4_3"
name: "relu4_3"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv4_3"
top: "pool4"
name: "pool4"
type: POOLING
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 2
stride: 2
}
}
layers {
bottom: "pool4"
top: "conv5_1"
name: "conv5_1"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_1"
top: "conv5_1"
name: "relu5_1"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_1"
top: "conv5_2"
name: "conv5_2"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_2"
top: "conv5_2"
name: "relu5_2"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_2"
top: "conv5_3"
name: "conv5_3"
type: CONVOLUTION
convolution_param {
num_output: 512
pad: 1
kernel_size: 3
}
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_3"
top: "conv5_3"
name: "relu5_3"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "conv5_3"
top: "pool5"
name: "pool5"
type: POOLING
pooling_param {
pool: MAX
kernel_size: 2
stride: 2
}
}
layers {
bottom: "pool5"
top: "fc6"
name: "fc6"
type: INNER_PRODUCT
inner_product_param {
num_output: 4096
}
}
layers {
bottom: "fc6"
top: "fc6"
name: "relu6"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "fc6"
top: "fc6"
name: "drop6"
type: DROPOUT
dropout_param {
dropout_ratio: 0.5
}
}
layers {
bottom: "fc6"
top: "fc7"
name: "fc7"
type: INNER_PRODUCT
inner_product_param {
num_output: 4096
}
}
layers {
bottom: "fc7"
top: "fc7"
name: "relu7"
type: RELU
}
layers {
bottom: "fc7"
top: "fc7"
name: "drop7"
type: DROPOUT
dropout_param {
dropout_ratio: 0.5
}
}
layers {
bottom: "fc7"
top: "fc8"
name: "fc8"
type: INNER_PRODUCT
inner_product_param {
num_output: 1000
}
}
layers {
bottom: "fc8"
top: "prob"
name: "prob"
type: SOFTMAX
}
训练脚本修改
1)生成 test、trainval、deploy
a. 执行 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/net.py 生成 test.prototxt 和 trainval.prototxt
b. cp test.prototxt 为 deploy.protxt
将第一个 data 层换成
layer {
name: "input"
type: "Input"
top: "data"
input_param {
# These dimensions are purely for sake of example;
# see infer.py for how to reshape the net to the given input size.
shape { dim: 1 dim: 3 dim: 256 dim: 256 }
}
}
删除网络后面包含 loss 的层(一共2个)
2)修改 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/solve.py
import caffe
import surgery, score
import numpy as np
import os
import sys
try:
import setproctitle
setproctitle.setproctitle(os.path.basename(os.getcwd()))
except:
pass
vgg_weights = '../ilsvrc-nets/vgg16-fcn.caffemodel'
vgg_proto = '../ilsvrc-nets/VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers_deploy.prototxt'
# init
caffe.set_device(0)
caffe.set_mode_gpu()
solver = caffe.SGDSolver('solver.prototxt')
#solver.net.copy_from(weights)
vgg_net = caffe.Net(vgg_proto, vgg_weights, caffe.TRAIN)
surgery.transplant(solver.net, vgg_net)
del vgg_net
# surgeries
interp_layers = [k for k in solver.net.params.keys() if 'up' in k]
surgery.interp(solver.net, interp_layers)
# scoring
test = np.loadtxt('../data/sift-flow/test.txt', dtype=str)
for _ in range(50):
solver.step(2000)
# N.B. metrics on the semantic labels are off b.c. of missing classes;
# score manually from the histogram instead for proper evaluation
score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_sem', gt='sem')
score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_geo', gt='geo')
3)修改 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/solve.prototxt
添加快照设置:
snapshot:4000
snapshot_prefix:"snapshot/train"
训练及测试
1) 复制 fcn/ 下的 infer.py、score.py、siftflow_layers.py、surgery.py 到 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s 下
2)python train.py 开始训练
3)修改 infer.py 的模型路径及测试图片路径
图1. 迭代72000次的分割结果
4)之后可以以 fcn32s 的训练结果为基础,训练 fcn16s 和 fcn8s
需要注意的是,对于 fcn16s 和 fcn8s,由于不需要重新构造网络层,因此 solve.py 不需要改
import caffe
import surgery, score
import numpy as np
import os
import sys
try:
import setproctitle
setproctitle.setproctitle(os.path.basename(os.getcwd()))
except:
pass
weights = '../siftflow-fcn32s/snapshot/train_iter_100000.caffemodel'
# init
caffe.set_device(0)
caffe.set_mode_gpu()
solver = caffe.SGDSolver('solver.prototxt')
solver.net.copy_from(weights)
# surgeries
interp_layers = [k for k in solver.net.params.keys() if 'up' in k]
surgery.interp(solver.net, interp_layers)
# scoring
test = np.loadtxt('../data/sift-flow/test.txt', dtype=str)
for _ in range(50):
solver.step(2000)
# N.B. metrics on the semantic labels are off b.c. of missing classes;
# score manually from the histogram instead for proper evaluation
score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_sem', gt='sem')
score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_geo', gt='geo')
如何制作自己的训练数据
相比 detect(使用LabelImg框选目标),segment的数据需要耗费很大精力去准备
参考这篇帖子,MIT提供了一个在线标注多边形的工具LabelMe,但一般在工程上,为了尽量精确,更多还是使用 photoshop 的“快速选择”工具
1)首先用 ps 打开待标记图像,“图像->模式->灰度”,将图像转为灰度图
2)使用“快速选择”工具,选出目标区域,“右键->填充->颜色”,假设该区域的 label 为 9 ,那么设置 RGB 为 (9,9,9)
图2. 选择区域并填充
3)所有类别填充完成后,“文件->存储为”label 图像
注意:以上方法针对 SegNet 里的 CamVid 数据格式(图3)
图3. CamVid 数据格式
如图3所示,train和test里为RGB图像,trainannot和testannot里为标记过的label图像(灰度)
一组训练(图3右)数据包含两张图像