https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees/#/description
Given n, how many structurally unique BST's (binary search trees) that store values 1...n?
For example,
Given n = 3, there are a total of 5 unique BST's.
1 3 3 2 1 \ / / / \ \ 3 2 1 1 3 2 / / \ \ 2 1 2 3
package go.jacob.day712;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 96. Unique Binary Search Trees
*
* @author Jacob
*
*/
public class Demo1 {
/*
* 只要确定根节点,那么左右子树节点个数就能确定
*
* 解析:First note that dp[k] represents the number of BST trees built from
* 1....k;
*
* Then assume we have the number of the first 4 trees: dp[1] = 1 ,dp[2] =2
* ,dp[3] = 5, dp[4] =14 , how do we get dp[5] based on these four numbers
* is the core problem here.
*
* The essential process is: to build a tree, we need to pick a root node,
* then we need to know how many possible left sub trees and right sub trees
* can be held under that node, finally multiply them.
*
* To build a tree contains {1,2,3,4,5}. First we pick 1 as root, for the
* left sub tree, there are none; for the right sub tree, we need count how
* many possible trees are there constructed from {2,3,4,5}, apparently it's
* the same number as {1,2,3,4}. So the total number of trees under "1"
* picked as root is dp[0] * dp[4] = 14. (assume dp[0] =1). Similarly, root
* 2 has dp[1]*dp[3] = 5 trees. root 3 has dp[2]*dp[2] = 4, root 4 has
* dp[3]*dp[1]= 5 and root 5 has dp[0]*dp[4] = 14. Finally sum the up and
* it's done.
*
* Now, we may have a better understanding of the dp[k], which essentially
* represents the number of BST trees with k consecutive nodes. It is used
* as database when we need to know how many left sub trees are possible for
* k nodes when picking (k+1) as root.
*/
public int numTrees(int n) {
if (n <= 0)
return 0;
int[] res = new int[n + 1];
res[0] = 1;
res[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
res[i] += res[j - 1] * res[i - j];
}
}
return res[n];
}
}