Ubuntu16.04搭建gitolite服务器

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:07:56 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:07:56 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zk673820543/article/details/52535601

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原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/zk673820543/article/details/52535601

gitosis已经不更新，所以这里用gitolite进行git服务器的搭建

环境：

Ubuntu16.04 +gitolite

一、安装Ubuntu16.04

在这里，我使用在虚拟机上进行操作。

网上很多教程，跳过这一步

二、安装git、sshopen-server、sshopen-client(服务器端)

ljaer@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update

ljaer@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install git openssh-server openssh-client

三、生成SSH key（客户端）

这里，我的客户端和服务器端在同一台机子

ljaer@ubuntu:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C zk
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ljaer/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/ljaer/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/ljaer/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/ljaer/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:RiIjGgr6n9xvUBCDQ5hlh6oNK8IxsiaIKwLE9TfkZWY zk
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   =+o+.         |
|  oo+..o E       |
|+ o.+.+.*        |
|*B.. + *.        |
|X*o   ..S        |
|@+.   ..         |
|*..    .         |
|+  o o  .        |
|o   + .o.        |
+----[SHA256]-----+
ljaer@ubuntu:~$

运行命令后，一直按回车键知道SSH Key生成

ljaer@ubuntu:~$ cd /home/ljaer/.ssh/
ljaer@ubuntu:~/.ssh$ ls
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub

四、将生成的SSH public key拷贝到服务器（客户端）

这里注意，为了区分SSH public key，请将SSH public key重命名，最好是用用户名命名。例如 <user-name>.pub

	ljaer@ubuntu:~$ mv /home/ljaer/.ssh/id_rsa.pub zk.pub
	ljaer@ubuntu:~$ scp zk.pub ljaer@192.168.3.218:/tmp
	The authenticity of host '192.168.3.218 (192.168.3.218)' can't be established.
	ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:oemRCxCBXtX8OWfvuNo7U4SVKX9KLBMZvYeuYvGMN5w.
	Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
	Warning: Permanently added '192.168.3.218' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
	ljaer@192.168.3.218's password:
	zk.pub                                        100%  384     0.4KB/s   00:00

五、创建Git用户（服务器端）

	ljaer@ubuntu:~$ sudo adduser \
	> --system \
	> --shell /bin/bash \
	> --gecos 'Git SCM User' \
	> --group \
	> --disabled-password \
	> --home /home/git git
	[sudo] password for ljaer:
	Adding system user `git' (UID 122) ...
	Adding new group `git' (GID 129) ...
	Adding new user `git' (UID 122) with group `git' ...
	Creating home directory `/home/git' ...

六、下载Gitolite源码（服务器端）

	ljaer@ubuntu:~$ sudo su git
	git@ubuntu:/home/ljaer$ cd $HOME
	git@ubuntu:~$ git clone http://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
	Cloning into 'gitolite'...
	remote: Counting objects: 9300, done.
	remote: Total 9300 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 9300
	Receiving objects: 100% (9300/9300), 2.92 MiB | 134.00 KiB/s, done.
	Resolving deltas: 100% (5752/5752), done.
	Checking connectivity... done.

七、安装Gitolite（服务器端）

	git@ubuntu:~$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/bin
	git@ubuntu:~$ ${HOME}/gitolite/install -to ${HOME}/bin

八、设置SSH public key（服务器端）

	git@ubuntu:~$ ${HOME}/bin/gitolite setup -pk /tmp/zk.pub
	Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/gitolite-admin.
	Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/testing.git/
	WARNING: /home/git/.ssh missing; creating a new one
	    (this is normal on a brand new install)
	WARNING: /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys missing; creating a new one
	    (this is normal on a brand new install)

九、克隆Gitolite管理库（客户端）

	ljaer@ubuntu:~$ git clone git@192.168.3.218:gitolite-admin.git
	Cloning into 'gitolite-admin'...
	remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
	remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
	Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), 719 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
	remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
	Checking connectivity... done.

你可以看到在管理库里，有两个目录， conf/和keydir/，其中conf/下面有个名为gitolite.conf的配置文件。
conf/gitolite.conf 用于Git项目配置，访问权限设置。
keydir/ 用于存储用户的SSH public key(公钥）。

Git项目配置和访问权限设置请看Gitolite的README.txt文档。

十、配置git项目（客户端）

为了增加Git项目到Gitolite服务器，有两种方法：

方法1：

添加一个新的Git项目

修改gitolite,conf

例如，新建一个名为foo的Git项目，首先需要在conf/gitolite.conf里注册foo项目

假设你已经克隆了gitolite-admin.git项目，编辑conf/gitolite.conf，增加下面的内容

repo foo
	RW+     =   @all

然后提交这部分修改，并push到远程

	ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin$ git add .
	ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin$ git commit -m "add foo"                    [master e0c537e] add foo
	 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
	ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin$ git push origin master
	Counting objects: 4, done.
	Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
	Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 365 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
	Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
	remote: Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/foo.git/
	To git@192.168.3.218:gitolite-admin.git
	   c72e3b3..e0c537e  master -> master

现在Git项目foo已经设置好了。用户可以从服务器上克隆foo了

	ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin$ git clone git@192.168.3.218:foo.git
	Cloning into 'foo'...
	warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
	Checking connectivity... done.

方法2：

添加一个存在的Git项目
如果你有一个已经存在的项目，也想将其添加到Gitolite的服务器里。这很简单，但是首先你依然需要在gitolite.conf里注册这个项目。然后执行下面的操作：

cd foo
git remote rm origin
git remote add origin ljaer@192.168.3.218.foo.git
git push origin master

如果你有多个branch，那么checkout到哪个branch，执行

git push origin <branch-name>

十一、其他客户机下载项目

将其他客户机下载git服务器上的项目

jaer@DESKTOP-OIJKKL8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git clone git@192.168.3.218:foo.git
Cloning into 'foo'...
git@192.168.3.218's password:
fatal: 'foo.git' does not appear to be a git repository
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

报错了，项目下载不下来

权限问题，该客户机的id_rsa.pub没有上传到git服务器

为了便于识别，将id_rsa.pub改为zhangkai.pub

上传至gitolite-admin.git项目下的/keydir/目录下

由于刚才第九步是克隆git管理库在192.168.3.218上，所以讲该客户端的git认证上传到该管理库

客户端

jaer@DESKTOP-OIJKKL8 MINGW64 ~/.ssh
$ scp zhangkai.pub ljaer@192.168.3.218:/home/ljaer/gitolite-admin/keydir/
ljaer@192.168.3.218's password:
zhangkai.pub                                  100%  402     0.4KB/s   00:00

管理端

ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin/keydir$ ls
zhangkai.pub  zk.pub
ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin/keydir$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        zhangkai.pub

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin/keydir$ git add .
ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin/keydir$ git commit -m "add zhangkai.pub"
[master 7136ed0] add zhangkai.pub
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 keydir/zhangkai.pub
ljaer@ubuntu:~/gitolite-admin/keydir$ git push origin master
Counting objects: 4, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 678 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@192.168.3.218:gitolite-admin.git
   279ecec..7136ed0  master -> master

再在客户端下载项目

jaer@DESKTOP-OIJKKL8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git clone git@192.168.3.218:foo.git
Cloning into 'foo'...
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Checking connectivity... done.

成功下载

参考文章：

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-15174104-id-3843570.html