【面试题五】从尾到头打印链表

从尾到头打印链表

很容易想到荣栈来实现；

其实也可以用递归来实现，递归的本质就是一个栈结构；

如果链表特别长，会导致函数调用的层级很深，从而有可能导致函数调用栈溢出；

现实用栈来实现循环的点吗更容易懂；

ListRev.cpp:

#include <iostream>
#include "List.h"
#include <stack>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;

void PrintListReversingly_Iteratively(ListNode* pHead)
{
    std::stack<ListNode*> nodes;

    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {
        nodes.push(pNode);
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    while(!nodes.empty())
    {
        pNode = nodes.top();
        printf("%d\t", pNode->m_nValue);
        nodes.pop();
    }
}

void PrintListReversingly_Recursively(ListNode* pHead)
{
    if(pHead != NULL)
    {
        if (pHead->m_pNext != NULL)
        {
            PrintListReversingly_Recursively(pHead->m_pNext);
        }
 
        printf("%d\t", pHead->m_nValue);
    }
}

void Test(ListNode* pHead)
{
    PrintList(pHead);
    PrintListReversingly_Iteratively(pHead);
    printf("\n");
    PrintListReversingly_Recursively(pHead);
}

// 1->2->3->4->5
void Test1()
{
    printf("\nTest1 begins.\n");

    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    Test(pNode1);

    DestroyList(pNode1);
}

// 只有一个结点的链表: 1
void Test2()
{
    printf("\nTest2 begins.\n");

    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);

    Test(pNode1);

    DestroyList(pNode1);
}

// 空链表
void Test3()
{
    printf("\nTest3 begins.\n");

    Test(NULL);
}

int main()
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();

    return 0;
}

List.h:

#ifndef _List_H_
#define _List_H_

struct ListNode
{
    int       m_nValue;
    ListNode* m_pNext;
};

ListNode* CreateListNode(int value);
void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext);
void PrintListNode(ListNode* pNode);
void PrintList(ListNode* pHead);
void DestroyList(ListNode* pHead);
void AddToTail(ListNode** pHead, int value);
void RemoveNode(ListNode** pHead, int value);

#endif /*_List_H_*/

List.cpp:

#include "List.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

ListNode* CreateListNode(int value)
{
    ListNode* pNode = new ListNode();
    pNode->m_nValue = value;
    pNode->m_pNext = NULL;

    return pNode;
}

void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext)
{
    if(pCurrent == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error to connect two nodes.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    pCurrent->m_pNext = pNext;
}

void PrintListNode(ListNode* pNode)
{ 
    if(pNode == NULL)
    {
        printf("The node is NULL\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("The key in node is %d.\n", pNode->m_nValue);
    }
}

void PrintList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    printf("PrintList starts.\n");
    
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d\t", pNode->m_nValue);
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    printf("\nPrintList ends.\n");
}

void DestroyList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {
        pHead = pHead->m_pNext;
        delete pNode;
        pNode = pHead;
    }
}

void AddToTail(ListNode** pHead, int value)
{
    ListNode* pNew = new ListNode();
    pNew->m_nValue = value;
    pNew->m_pNext = NULL;

    if(*pHead == NULL)
    {
        *pHead = pNew;
    }
    else
    {
        ListNode* pNode = *pHead;
        while(pNode->m_pNext != NULL)
            pNode = pNode->m_pNext;

        pNode->m_pNext = pNew;
    }
}

void RemoveNode(ListNode** pHead, int value)
{
    if(pHead == NULL || *pHead == NULL)
        return;

    ListNode* pToBeDeleted = NULL;
    if((*pHead)->m_nValue == value)
    {
        pToBeDeleted = *pHead;
        *pHead = (*pHead)->m_pNext;
    }
    else
    {
        ListNode* pNode = *pHead;
        while(pNode->m_pNext != NULL && pNode->m_pNext->m_nValue != value)
            pNode = pNode->m_pNext;

        if(pNode->m_pNext != NULL && pNode->m_pNext->m_nValue == value)
        {
            pToBeDeleted = pNode->m_pNext;
            pNode->m_pNext = pNode->m_pNext->m_pNext;
        }
    }

    if(pToBeDeleted != NULL)
    {
        delete pToBeDeleted;
        pToBeDeleted = NULL;
    }
}

Makefile:

.PHONY:clean
CPP=g++
CFLAGS=-Wall -g
BIN=test
OBJS=ListRev.o List.o
LIBS=
$(BIN):$(OBJS)
	$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS)
%.o:%.cpp
	$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
clean:
	rm -f *.o $(BIN)

运行结果：

Test1 begins.
PrintList starts.
1       2       3       4       5
PrintList ends.
5       4       3       2       1
5       4       3       2       1
Test2 begins.
PrintList starts.
1
PrintList ends.
1
1
Test3 begins.
PrintList starts.

PrintList ends.