RAID和LVM综合使用！

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 15:03:06 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux allocation raid5 system access ext

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由于 LVM 可以弹性调整 filesystem 的大小，但是缺点是可能没有加速与硬件备份(与快照不同)的功能。而磁盘阵列则具有性能与备份的功能，但是无法提供类似 LVM 的优点。在此情境中，我们想利用『在 RAID 上面建置 LVM』的功能，以达到两者兼顾的能力。

目标：测试在 RAID 磁盘上面架构 LVM 系统；
需求：需要具有磁盘管理的能力，包括 RAID 与 LVM；
那要如何处理呢？如下的流程一个步骤一个步骤的实施看看吧：

1、复原系统时，你必项要：
利用 umount 先卸除之前挂载的文件系统；
修改 /etc/fstab 里面的数据，让开机不会自动挂载；

利用 fdisk 将该分割槽初除。

最终你的系统应该会只剩下如下的模样：（/dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}都是已经用mkds格式化为ext3）

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdd: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdd doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sde: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sde doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdf: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdf doesn't contain a valid partition table

2、建立 RAID ，假设我们利用五个（/dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}） 8GB 的分割槽建立 RAID-5 ，且具有一个 spare disk

[root@linux ~]# mdadm --create --auto=yes /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}
mdadm: /dev/sdb appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=8388608K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sdc appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=8388608K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sdd appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=8388608K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sde appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=8388608K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sdf appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=8388608K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

3、开始处理 LVM ，现在我们假设所有的参数都使用默认值，包括 PE ，然后 VG 名为 raidvg ，LV 名为 raidlv ，底下为基本的流程：

[root@linux ~]# pvcreate /dev/md0 
  Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created
[root@linux ~]# vgcreate raidvg /dev/md0 
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
  Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
  Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
  Volume group "raidvg" successfully created
[root@linux ~]# lvcreate -l 6143 -n raidlv raidvg
  Logical volume "raidlv" created
[root@linux ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/raidvg/raidlv
  VG Name                raidvg
  LV UUID                rBySS0-JxZ6-ANYe-Vp8G-xlUd-Rz1x-G6NjnT
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                24.00 GB
  Current LE             6143
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     768
  Block device           253:0

4、挂载

[root@linux ~]# mkdir /mnt/raidlvm
[root@linux ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/raidvg/raidlv 
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
3145728 inodes, 6290432 blocks
314521 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
192 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@linux ~]# mount /dev/raidvg/raidlv /mnt/raidlvm/

5、开机自动挂载

[root@linux raidlvm]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0 | grep UUID
           UUID : 99de722a:bfd56556:7b3978e1:3bf3f4f9
[root@linux raidlvm]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf 
ARRAY /dev/md0 UUID=99de722a:bfd56556:7b3978e1:3bf3f4f9
[root@linux raidlvm]# cat /etc/fstab | grep /mnt/raidlvm
/dev/raidvg/raidlv          /mnt/raidlvm            ext3    defaults        1 2

6、检查

[root@linux raidlvm]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0 
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Fri Feb 17 22:26:44 2012
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 25165632 (24.00 GiB 25.77 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 8388544 (8.00 GiB 8.59 GB)
   Raid Devices : 4
  Total Devices : 5
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Fri Feb 17 22:39:11 2012
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 64K

           UUID : 99de722a:bfd56556:7b3978e1:3bf3f4f9
         Events : 0.2

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb
       1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc
       2       8       48        2      active sync   /dev/sdd
       3       8       64        3      active sync   /dev/sde

       4       8       80        -      spare   /dev/sdf
[root@linux raidlvm]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] 
md0 : active raid5 sde[3] sdf[4](S) sdd[2] sdc[1] sdb[0]
      25165632 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
      
unused devices: <none>
[root@linux raidlvm]# pvscan
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
  Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
  PV /dev/md0   VG raidvg   lvm2 [24.00 GB / 0    free]
  Total: 1 [24.00 GB] / in use: 1 [24.00 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]
[root@linux raidlvm]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/md0
  VG Name               raidvg
  PV Size               24.00 GB / not usable 3.81 MB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size (KByte)       4096
  Total PE              6143
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          6143
  PV UUID               KgwVH9-HwTG-q4it-z0Ps-ACac-Si1y-8RxTkx
   
[root@linux raidlvm]# vgscan
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
  Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
  Found volume group "raidvg" using metadata type lvm2
[root@linux raidlvm]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               raidvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               24.00 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              6143
  Alloc PE / Size       6143 / 24.00 GB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               zlM0TJ-fjR0-b2kO-rCpO-D6L9-zw0m-W3SVzp
   
[root@linux raidlvm]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/raidvg/raidlv' [24.00 GB] inherit
[root@linux raidlvm]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/raidvg/raidlv
  VG Name                raidvg
  LV UUID                rBySS0-JxZ6-ANYe-Vp8G-xlUd-Rz1x-G6NjnT
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                24.00 GB
  Current LE             6143
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     768
  Block device           253:0
[root@linux ~]# df
文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3              5991232   2662984   3019000  47% /
/dev/sda1               101086     11373     84494  12% /boot
tmpfs                   517548         0    517548   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/raidvg-raidlv
                      24766844    176204  23332556   1% /mnt/raidlvm
[root@linux ~]# cd /mnt/raidlvm/
[root@linux raidlvm]# ll
总计 20
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 02-17 22:37 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 02-17 22:38 tt
[root@linux raidlvm]# cat tt 
aaaaa