Decorator设计模式的一个实例

#ifndef DECORATOR_H_
#define DECORATOR_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Paragraph
{
public:
 Paragraph(const string& inInitialText) : mText(inInitialText) {}
 virtual string getHTML() const { return mText; }
protected:
 string mText;
};

class BoldParagraph : public Paragraph
{
public:
 BoldParagraph(const Paragraph& inParagraph) :
  Paragraph(""), mWrapped(inParagraph) {}
 virtual string getHTML() const {
  return "<B>" + mWrapped.getHTML() + "</B>";
 }
protected:
 const Paragraph& mWrapped;
};

class ItalicParagraph : public Paragraph
{
public:
 ItalicParagraph(const Paragraph& inParagraph) :
  Paragraph(""), mWrapped(inParagraph) {}
 virtual string getHTML() const {
  return "<I>" + mWrapped.getHTML() + "</I>";
 }
protected:
 const Paragraph& mWrapped;
}; 
#endif

#include "Player.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
 Paragraph p("A party? For me? Thanks!");
 // Bold
 cout << BoldParagraph(p).getHTML() << endl;
 // Bold and Italic
 cout<<p.getHTML()<<endl;
 cout << ItalicParagraph(BoldParagraph(p)).getHTML() << endl;
 cout<<p.getHTML()<<endl;
 cout << BoldParagraph(BoldParagraph(p)) .getHTML() << endl;
 return 0;
}

输出的结果是：
<B>A party? For me? Thanks!</B>
<I><B>A party? For me? Thanks!</B></I>
（这里为什么会输出这个结果呢？因为 BoldParagraph(BoldParagraph(p)) .getHTML() 首先进入talicParagraph的getHTML（）函数，然后又调用BoldParagraph 的getHTML()函数（通过虚函数的性质））
但这里存在一个副作用：
cout << BoldParagraph(BoldParagraph(p)) .getHTML() << endl;
得到的结果是：
<B>A party? For me? Thanks!</B>
这是什么原因呢？
       What’s happening here is that instead of using the BoldParagraph constructor that takes a const Paragraph reference, the compiler is using the built-in copy constructor for BoldParagraph

 

另外一个例子：
UML图:

 

/********************************************************************   purpose: Decorator 抽象的咖啡类与抽象的修饰类 *********************************************************************/ #ifndef  ABSTRACTCOFEE_H #define  ABSTRACTCOFEE_H   #include <string> using namespace std;   class BeverageCofee { public :     virtual double getCost() =0;     virtual string getDescription () =0; };   class DecoratorCofee : public BeverageCofee { protected :     DecoratorCofee(BeverageCofee *pBever);     BeverageCofee *pBeverage; };   #endif

 

/******************************************************************** http://blog.csdn.net/missvip   purpose: Decorator 具体的咖啡类与具体的修饰类 *********************************************************************/ #ifndef  CONCRETECOFEE_H_H #define  CONCRETECOFEE_H_H   #include "AbstractCofee.h"   class HostBlendCofee : public BeverageCofee { public :     double getCost();     string getDescription(); };   class DarkHostCofee : public BeverageCofee { public :     double getCost();     string getDescription(); };   class Milk : public DecoratorCofee { public :    Milk(BeverageCofee *pBever);    double getCost();    string getDescription (); };   class Suger : public DecoratorCofee { public :    Suger(BeverageCofee *pBever);    double getCost();    string getDescription (); };   #endif

 

/******************************************************************** http://blog.csdn.net/missvip   *********************************************************************/ #include "AbstractCofee.h"   DecoratorCofee ::DecoratorCofee(BeverageCofee *pBever):pBeverage(pBever) {   }

 

#include "ConcreteCofee.h"   double HostBlendCofee::getCost() {    return 4.0; }   string HostBlendCofee::getDescription() {    return "HostBlend 咖啡" ; }   double DarkHostCofee::getCost()   {    return 5.0; }   string DarkHostCofee::getDescription()   {    return "DarkHost 咖啡" ; }   Milk ::Milk(BeverageCofee *pBever):DecoratorCofee(pBever) {   }   double Milk::getCost() {    return pBeverage->getCost()+1.5; }   string Milk::getDescription() {    return pBeverage->getDescription()+" +牛奶" ; }   Suger ::Suger(BeverageCofee *pBever):DecoratorCofee(pBever) {   }   double Suger::getCost() {    return pBeverage->getCost()+0.5; }   string Suger::getDescription() {    return pBeverage->getDescription()+" +糖" ; }

 

/******************************************************************** purpose: 客户程序测试Decorator *********************************************************************/ #include <iostream> #include "ConcreteCofee.h" using namespace std;   int main() {     BeverageCofee *OrderDarkHostCofee =new DarkHostCofee();    cout<<OrderDarkHostCofee->getDescription()<<" 价格是:" <<OrderDarkHostCofee->getCost()<<endl;      // 加糖后的价格    OrderDarkHostCofee =new Suger(OrderDarkHostCofee);    cout<<OrderDarkHostCofee->getDescription()<<" 价格是:" <<OrderDarkHostCofee->getCost()<<endl;      // 加牛奶后的价格    OrderDarkHostCofee =new Milk(OrderDarkHostCofee);    cout<<OrderDarkHostCofee->getDescription()<<" 价格是:" <<OrderDarkHostCofee->getCost()<<endl;      return 0; }

 最后运行结果:

可以看到DarkHost咖啡的价格是5元
加入调料糖后的价格变成5+0.5