TCP和UDP
☆ UDP (DatagramSocket和DatagramPacket类)
1.将数据及源和目的封装成数据包中,不需要建立连接
2.每个数据报的大小在限制在64k内
3.因无连接,是不可靠协议
4.不需要建立连接,速度快
☆ TCP (Socket 和 ServerSocket类)
1.建立连接,形成传输数据的通道。
2.在连接中进行大数据量传输
3.通过三次握手完成连接,是可靠协议
4.必须建立连接,效率会稍低
☆ Socket
1.Socket就是为网络服务提供的一种机制。
2.通信的两端都有Socket。
3.网络通信其实就是Socket间的通信。
4.数据在两个Socket间通过IO传输。
UDP传输
•DatagramSocket与DatagramPacket
•建立发送端,接收端。
•建立数据包。
•调用Socket的发送接收方法。
•关闭Socket。
发送端与接收端是两个独立的运行程序。
UDP传输编程
☆发送端
在发送端,要在数据包对象中明确目的地IP及端口。
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//DatagramSocket用于通讯, DatagramPacket数据包裹--发的 (包含数据)
//※要点:DatagramSocket类中的-----send(DatagramPacket p)方法</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//1 new一个DatagramSocket对象</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();//可以不指定端口,因为可以由系统随便给我们找个端口发出去就行了---端口是必须要有的,只是由系统自动给我们分配
</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//3准备要发送包裹(要标明ip+端口)
byte[] by = “hello,udp”.getBytes();
DatagramPacketdp = new DatagramPacket(by,0,by.length,
InetAddress.getByName(“127.0.0.1”),10000);
</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;"> //2 发送包裹
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();
</span>
☆接收端
在接收端,要指定监听的端口。
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//DatagramSocket用于通讯, DatagramPacket数据包裹--接的 (空的)
//※要点:DatagramSocket类中的-----receive(DatagramPacket p)方法</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//1 new一个DatagramSocket对象</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(10000);
</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">//3准备用于接收数据的包裹(要字节数组)
byte[] by = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacketdp = new DatagramPacket(by,by.length);
//2 接收包裹</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">ds.receive(dp);//阻塞方法
//4解析数据--解析包裹</span>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">String str = new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str+"--"+dp.getAddress());
ds.close();
</span>
练习:UDP聊天程序
•通过键盘录入获取要发送的信息。
•将发送和接收分别封装到两个线程中。
代码实现:
one:
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">package cn.hncu.net.url.udpChat.one;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
/**
* 说明:在MyEclipse控制台中执行时,若想中文聊天无乱码,得把MyEclipse的默认编码设成:GBK
*/
public class UDPChat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DatagramSocket dsSend = new DatagramSocket(10001);
DatagramSocket dsRece = new DatagramSocket(10002);
new Thread( new Send(dsSend) ).start();
new Thread( new Receive(dsRece) ).start();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Send implements Runnable{
private DatagramSocket ds;
public Send(DatagramSocket ds){
this.ds = ds;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//源 System.in
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line = null;
while( (line=br.readLine())!=null){
byte bs[] = line.getBytes("gbk");
//目的 socket upd-package
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bs, bs.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),10004);
ds.send(dp);
if("over".equals(line)){// line.equals("over")
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Receive implements Runnable{
private DatagramSocket ds;
public Receive(DatagramSocket ds){
this.ds = ds;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
//源 socket -- ds.receive(dp)
byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
ds.receive(dp);
String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostName();
String text = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength(),"gbk");
//目的 System.out
System.out.println(ip+":"+ text);
if("over".equals(text)){
System.out.println(ip+"离开聊天室...");
//break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
</span>
two:
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14px;">package cn.hncu.net.url.udpChat.two;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UDPChat {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DatagramSocket dsSend = new DatagramSocket(10003);
DatagramSocket dsRece = new DatagramSocket(10004);
new Thread( new Send(dsSend) ).start();
new Thread( new Receive(dsRece) ).start();
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Send implements Runnable{
private DatagramSocket ds;
public Send(DatagramSocket ds){
this.ds = ds;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//源 System.in
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line = null;
while( (line=br.readLine())!=null){
byte bs[] = line.getBytes("gbk");
//目的 socket upd-package
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bs, bs.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),10002);
ds.send(dp);
if("over".equals(line)){// line.equals("over")
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Receive implements Runnable{
private DatagramSocket ds;
public Receive(DatagramSocket ds){
this.ds = ds;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
//源 socket -- ds.receive(dp)
byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
ds.receive(dp);
String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostName();
String text = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength(),"gbk");
//目的 System.out
System.out.println(ip+":"+ text);
if("over".equals(text)){
System.out.println(ip+"离开聊天室...");
//break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
</span>