Hibernate和Spring的整合

    简介：

      Spring与Hibernate整合，到底整合什么呢？Spring主要是管理Hibernate的Session Factory以及事务支持等。我们在Hibernate中需要自己创建SessionFactory实例,这显然不是很好的方法。

      在Spring中可以通过配置文件，向Dao中注入SessionFactory，Spring的Ioc容器则提供了更好的管理方式，它不仅以声明式的方式配置了SessionFactory实例，也可充分利用Ioc容器的作用，为SessionFactory注入数据源。还有事务处理，我们业务代码不需要考虑事务，只需要在配置文件配置事务即可。

     Spring提供了对多种数据库访问DAO技术支持，包括Hibernate,JDO,TopLink,iBatis等。对不同的数据库访问Spring采用了相同的访问模式。Spring提供HibernateDaoSupport类来实现Hibernate的持久层访问技术。

      一旦在Spring的Ioc容器中配置了SessionFactory Bean，它将随应用的启动而加载，可以充分利用Ioc容器的功能，将SessionFactory Bean的注入任何Bean,比如DAO组件，以声明式的方式管理SessionFactory实例，可以让应用在不同数据源之间切换。如果应用更换数据库等持久层资源，只需对配置文件进行简单修改即可。

这里有个事务处理的配置，放到下篇文章SS2H三者整合中再作详细介绍。

实例演示：

springHibernateWeb

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springHibernateWeb</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
	<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="WEB-INF/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="dao" class="dao.CustomerDaoJdbc">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>
	<property name="connection.username">hncu</property>
	<property name=""></property>
	<property name="connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mydb
	</property>
	<property name="dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
	</property>
	<property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">mysql1</property>
	<property name="connection.password">1234</property>
	<property name="connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<mapping resource="bean/Customer.hib.xml" />

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

Customer.hib.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">  
<!-- 根元素：<hibernate-mapping>，每一个hbm.xml文件都有唯一的一个根元素，包含一些可选的属性 -->
<hibernate-mapping > 
	<!-- name：持久化类(或者接口)的Java全限定名,如果这个属性不存在,则Hibernate将假定这是一个非POJO的实体映射 -->
	<class name="bean.Customer"  table="customers" catalog="mydb">
		<id name="customerId" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="customerId" length="8"></column>
			<generator class="assigned"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="name" length="15"></column>
		</property>
		<property name="phone" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="phone" length="16"></column>
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Customer.java

package bean;

public class Customer {
	private String customerId;
	private String name;
	private String phone;
	public String getCustomerId() {
		return customerId;
	}
	public void setCustomerId(String customerId) {
		this.customerId = customerId;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}
	public void setPhone(String phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}
	
}

CustomerDaoJdbc.java

package dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import bean.Customer;

public class CustomerDaoJdbc extends HibernateDaoSupport{
	/* 返回单个对象 */
	public Customer queryCustomerById(Customer customer){
		customer=(Customer) this.getHibernateTemplate().get(
				Customer.class, customer.getCustomerId());
		return customer;
	}
	
	public List<Customer> queryAllCustomer(){
		List<Customer> list=new ArrayList<Customer>();
		Session session=this.getSession();
		String hql="from Customer";
		Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
		list=query.list();
		return list;
	}
	
}

index.jsp

<%@page import="bean.Customer"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@page import="dao.CustomerDaoJdbc"%>
<%@page import="org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext"%>
<%@page import="org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<% 	//这里直接在前台页面访问了dao,获取了数据。(按理应该要访问servlet,这里省略了)
	ApplicationContext ctx=WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
	CustomerDaoJdbc dao=(CustomerDaoJdbc)ctx.getBean("dao");
	List<Customer> customers=dao.queryAllCustomer();
	
	request.setAttribute("customers", customers);
%>
<body>
	<table>
	      <tr>
	        <td>编号</td>
	        <td>姓名</td>
	        <td>电话</td>
	      </tr>
	      <c:forEach items="${customers}" var="customer">
	      	<tr>
	      		<td>${customer.customerId}</td><td>${customer.name}</td><td>${customer.phone}</td>
	      	</tr>
	      </c:forEach>
	 </table>
</body>
</html>

查询结果：

数据库中记录：

sql记录：

/* CREATE DATABASE mydb CHARACTER  SET utf8;; */
use mydb;
create table customers(
  customerID char(8) primary key,
  name char(15) default NULL,
  phone char(16) default NULL
);

insert into customers values('CROFJL01','Jill Croft','(213) 555-8917');
insert into customers values('ERKEMY01','Molly Erkel','(604) 555-9825');
insert into customers values('FIELKE01','Kate Field','(718) 555-9283');
insert into customers values('FROBJN01','John Froberger','(212) 555-0743');
insert into customers values('GADEDE01','Dave Grade','(914) 555-1135');
insert into customers values('KJHTYE01','Mile Roof','(733) 555-1237');
insert into customers values('ERKEMY02','Molly Wolf','(763) 555-1825');
insert into customers values('FIELKE02','Kate Right','(302) 555-3692');
insert into customers values('FROBJN02','Hward Draw','(382) 555-6723');
insert into customers values('GADEDE02','Dave Brook','(271) 555-3927');