C#通过WMI设置NTFS目录共享和目录安全

1) 目录共享：通过WMI的Win32_Share类的Create()方法来实现。
2) 目录安全：通过WMI的Win32_LogicalFileSecuritySetting类的SetSecurityDescriptor()方法来实现，涉及到win32_trustee和win32_ace类。

完整代码 如下：

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Drawing;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Windows.Forms;
using  System.Management;

namespace  SharePermissions
... {
    public enum ShareResourceType : uint
    ...{
        DiskDrive = 0x0,
        PrintQueue = 0x1,
        Device = 0x2,
        IPC = 0x3,
        DiskDriveAdmin = 0x80000000,
        PrintQueueAdmin = 0x80000001,
        DeviceAdmin = 0x80000002,
        IPCAdmin = 0x80000003
    }

    [Flags]
    public enum AccessPrivileges : uint
    ...{
        FileReadData = 0x00000001,
        FileWriteData = 0x00000002,
        FileAppendData = 0x00000004,
        FileReadEA = 0x00000008,
        FileWriteEA = 0x00000010,
        FileExecute = 0x00000020,
        FileDeleteChild = 0x00000040,
        FileReadAttributes = 0x00000080,
        FileWriteAttributes = 0x00000100,
        Delete = 0x00010000,
        ReadControl = 0x00020000,
        WriteDac = 0x00040000,
        WriteOwner = 0x00080000,
        Synchronize = 0x00100000
    }

    [Flags]
    enum AceFlags : uint
    ...{
        NonInheritAce = 0,
        ObjectInheritAce = 1,
        ContainerInheritAce = 2,
        NoPropagateInheritAce = 4,
        InheritOnlyAce = 8,
        InheritedAce = 16
    }

    [Flags]
    enum AceType : uint
    ...{
        AccessAllowed = 0,
        AccessDenied = 1,
        Audit = 2
    }

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    ...{
        public Form1()
        ...{
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            SetShares();
            SetPermissions();
        }

        void SetShares()
        ...{
            ManagementClass mc = new ManagementClass("win32_share");
            ManagementBaseObject inParams = mc.GetMethodParameters("Create");
            inParams["Path"] = @"C:DownloadsTemp";
            inParams["Name"] = "Temp";
            inParams["Type"] = ShareResourceType.DiskDrive;
            inParams["MaximumAllowed"] = null;      //null = 用户数连接无限制,否则指定一个正整数
            inParams["Description"] = null;
            inParams["Password"] = null;
            inParams["Access"] = null; //null = 使Everyone拥有完全控制权限

            ManagementBaseObject outParams = mc.InvokeMethod("Create", inParams, null);
            uint returnValue = (uint)outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value;
            string ErrorMessage = null;
            switch (returnValue)
            ...{
                case 0: //Success
                    break;
                case 2: //Access denied 
                    ErrorMessage = "无权访问";
                    break;
                case 8: //Unknown failure 
                    ErrorMessage = "未知失败";
                    break;
                case 9: //Invalid name 
                    ErrorMessage = "非法的共享名";
                    break;
                case 10: //Invalid level 
                    ErrorMessage = "非法的层次";
                    break;
                case 21: //Invalid parameter 
                    ErrorMessage = "非法的参数";
                    break;
                case 22: //Duplicate share
                    ErrorMessage = "重复共享";
                    break;
                case 23: //Redirected path 
                    ErrorMessage = "重定向路径";
                    break;
                case 24: //Unknown device or directory 
                    ErrorMessage = "未知的目录";
                    break;
                case 25: //Net name not found 
                    ErrorMessage = "网络名不存在";
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            if (returnValue == 0)
                MessageBox.Show("成功");
            else
                MessageBox.Show(ErrorMessage);
        }

        bool SetPermissions()
        ...{
            //ManagementPath path = new ManagementPath();
            //path.Server = ".";              // 机器名, .表示本机
            //path.NamespacePath = @"rootcimv2";
            //path.RelativePath = string.Format("Win32_LogicalFileSecuritySetting.Path='{0}'", @"C:DownloadsTemp");
            //ManagementObject mo = new ManagementObject(path);

            ManagementObject mo = new ManagementObject(string.Format("Win32_LogicalFileSecuritySetting.Path='{0}'", @"C:DownloadsTemp"));
            ManagementBaseObject outParams = mo.InvokeMethod("GetSecurityDescriptor", null, null);

            if ((uint)outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value != 0)
                return false;
            ManagementBaseObject Descriptor = (ManagementBaseObject)outParams.Properties["Descriptor"].Value;
            //foreach (ManagementBaseObject mbo in (ManagementBaseObject[])Descriptor.Properties["Dacl"].Value)
            //{
            //    this.richTextBox1.AppendText(string.Format("AccessMask: {0} AceFlags:{1} AceType: {2} ", mbo["AccessMask"],
            //        Enum.Format(typeof(AceFlags), mbo["AceFlags"], "g"), mbo["AceType"]));

            //    if ((uint)mbo["AceType"] == (uint)AceType.AccessDenied)
            //        this.richTextBox1.AppendText("Denied Ace ");
            //    else
            //        this.richTextBox1.AppendText("Allowed Ace ");

            //    ManagementBaseObject Trustee = ((ManagementBaseObject)(mbo["Trustee"]));
            //    this.richTextBox1.AppendText(string.Format("Name: {0} Domain: {1} SID: {2} ",
            //        Trustee.Properties["Name"].Value,
            //        Trustee.Properties["Domain"].Value,
            //        Trustee.Properties["SIDString"].Value));

            //    uint mask = (UInt32)mbo["AccessMask"];
            //    this.richTextBox1.AppendText(Enum.Format(typeof(AccessPrivileges), mask, "g"));
            //    this.richTextBox1.AppendText(" ");
            //}


            List<ManagementBaseObject> newDacl = new List<ManagementBaseObject>();
            //newDacl.AddRange((ManagementBaseObject[])Descriptor.Properties["Dacl"].Value);

            //增加Everyone用户
            ManagementClass trustee = new ManagementClass("win32_trustee");
            trustee.Properties["Name"].Value = "Everyone";
            trustee.Properties["Domain"].Value = null;

            //设置只读/运行权限
            ManagementClass ace = new ManagementClass("win32_ace");
            ace.Properties["AccessMask"].Value = AccessPrivileges.FileReadData | AccessPrivileges.FileReadAttributes | AccessPrivileges.FileReadEA
                | AccessPrivileges.ReadControl | AccessPrivileges.FileExecute;
            ace.Properties["AceFlags"].Value = AceFlags.ObjectInheritAce | AceFlags.ContainerInheritAce | AceFlags.NoPropagateInheritAce;
            ace.Properties["AceType"].Value = AceType.AccessAllowed;
            ace.Properties["Trustee"].Value = trustee;
            newDacl.Add(ace);

            ManagementBaseObject inParams = mo.GetMethodParameters("SetSecurityDescriptor");
            Descriptor.Properties["Dacl"].Value = newDacl.ToArray();
            //Descriptor.Properties["Group"].Value = null;
            //Descriptor.Properties["Owner"].Value = null;

            inParams["Descriptor"] = Descriptor;
            ManagementBaseObject ret = mo.InvokeMethod("SetSecurityDescriptor", inParams, null);

            uint returnValue = (uint)ret.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value;
            string ErrorMessage = null;
            switch (returnValue)
            ...{
                case 0: //Success
                    break;
                case 2: //Access denied 
                    ErrorMessage = "无权访问";
                    break;
                case 8: //Unknown failure 
                    ErrorMessage = "未知失败";
                    break;
                case 9: //Privilege missing 
                    ErrorMessage = "缺少权限";
                    break;
                case 21: //Invalid parameter 
                    ErrorMessage = "非法的参数";
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            if (returnValue == 0)
            ...{
                MessageBox.Show("成功");
                return true;
            }
            else
            ...{
                MessageBox.Show(ErrorMessage);
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

另外需要注意的是：当新建目录时，系统会从上级目录自动继承用户，这些用户可能有完全控制权限，当你对某个目录设置只读时，可能由于这些继承用户的存在而影响到最终结果。所以要将根目录（如C:/, d:/等）的目录属性的安全页中将一些系统自动添加的具有完全控制的用户（如Creator Owner, Users, System）删除或改为非继承或仅当前目录有效。
注：根目录的Everyone不会被继承（可以通过目录属性的安全/高级/编辑中看到），另外也不要把本机管理员或域管理员（都是Administrator）误删了。