Base64加密算法编码规则
Base64编码的思想是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。他将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组,以三个字节为一组。按顺序排列24位数据,再把这24位数据分成四组,即每组6位。再在每组的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整数倍,也就是说在分组时最后一组不足3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加1到2个‘=’。
例如:将RON进行Base64编码:
- 首先取RON对应的ASCII码值:R(82)O(79)N(78);
- 再取二进制值:R(01010010)O(01001111)N(01001110);
- 然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来(010100100100111101001110);
- 再以6位为单位分成4个数据块,并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值,(00010100)(00100100)(00111101)(00001110);
- 再把这四个字节转换为10进制数据得到:(20)(36)(61)(14),这里算出来的值实际上是数据在字符表中的索引。
- 最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符:(U)(k)(9)(O)。
注:BASE64字符表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=
Base64加密算法解码规则
解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。
例如:将Uk9O解码
- 首先取Uk9O在编码表中的索引:U(20)k(36)9(61)O(14);
- 再取二进制值:U(00010100)k(00100100)9(00111101)O(00001110);
- 然后将四个字节的二进制码高位两个0去掉然后拼接起来:(010100100100111101001110)
- 再以8位为单位分成3个数据块:(01010010)(01001111)(01001110);
- 再把3个字节转换为10进制数据得到:(82)(79)(78),得到的十进制数据即为字符的ASCII码。
- 根据ASCII码查出字符:RON,这里是ASCII码表中的实际字符,并非我们定义的由65个字符组成的编码表。
Base64编码解码java实现
package ron.blog.blog_common.custom;
/**
* @Comment 自定义实现BASE64编码和解码
* @Author Ron
* @Date 2017年9月13日 上午9:53:39
* @return
*/
public class CustomBase64 {
/**
* 编码表
*/
private static final byte[] encodingTable = {
(byte) 'A', (byte) 'B', (byte) 'C', (byte) 'D', (byte) 'E', (byte) 'F', (byte) 'G', (byte) 'H', (byte) 'I', (byte) 'J',
(byte) 'K', (byte) 'L', (byte) 'M', (byte) 'N', (byte) 'O', (byte) 'P', (byte) 'Q', (byte) 'R', (byte) 'S', (byte) 'T',
(byte) 'U', (byte) 'V', (byte) 'W', (byte) 'X', (byte) 'Y', (byte) 'Z', (byte) 'a', (byte) 'b', (byte) 'c', (byte) 'd',
(byte) 'e', (byte) 'f', (byte) 'g', (byte) 'h', (byte) 'i', (byte) 'j', (byte) 'k', (byte) 'l', (byte) 'm', (byte) 'n',
(byte) 'o', (byte) 'p', (byte) 'q', (byte) 'r', (byte) 's', (byte) 't', (byte) 'u', (byte) 'v', (byte) 'w', (byte) 'x',
(byte) 'y', (byte) 'z', (byte) '0', (byte) '1', (byte) '2', (byte) '3', (byte) '4', (byte) '5', (byte) '6', (byte) '7',
(byte) '8', (byte) '9', (byte) '+', (byte) '/', (byte) '='
};
/**
* 解码表
*/
private static final byte[] decodingTable;
static {
decodingTable = new byte[128];
for (int i = 0; i < encodingTable.length; i++) {
decodingTable[encodingTable[i]] = (byte) i;
}
}
/**
* @Comment BASE64编码
* @Author Ron
* @Date 2017年9月13日 上午9:56:02
* @return
*/
public static byte[] encode(byte[] data) {
byte[] bytes;
int modulus = data.length % 3;
if (modulus == 0) {
bytes = new byte[(4 * data.length) / 3];
} else {
bytes = new byte[4 * ((data.length / 3) + 1)];
}
int dataLength = (data.length - modulus);
int a1;
int a2;
int a3;
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < dataLength; i += 3, j += 4) {
a1 = data[i] & 0xff;
a2 = data[i + 1] & 0xff;
a3 = data[i + 2] & 0xff;
bytes[j] = encodingTable[(a1 >>> 2) & 0x3f];
bytes[j + 1] = encodingTable[((a1 << 4) | (a2 >>> 4)) & 0x3f];
bytes[j + 2] = encodingTable[((a2 << 2) | (a3 >>> 6)) & 0x3f];
bytes[j + 3] = encodingTable[a3 & 0x3f];
}
int b1;
int b2;
int b3;
int d1;
int d2;
switch (modulus) {
case 0: /* nothing left to do */
break;
case 1:
d1 = data[data.length - 1] & 0xff;
b1 = (d1 >>> 2) & 0x3f;
b2 = (d1 << 4) & 0x3f;
bytes[bytes.length - 4] = encodingTable[b1];
bytes[bytes.length - 3] = encodingTable[b2];
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) '=';
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) '=';
break;
case 2:
d1 = data[data.length - 2] & 0xff;
d2 = data[data.length - 1] & 0xff;
b1 = (d1 >>> 2) & 0x3f;
b2 = ((d1 << 4) | (d2 >>> 4)) & 0x3f;
b3 = (d2 << 2) & 0x3f;
bytes[bytes.length - 4] = encodingTable[b1];
bytes[bytes.length - 3] = encodingTable[b2];
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = encodingTable[b3];
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) '=';
break;
}
return bytes;
}
public static byte[] decode(byte[] data) {
byte[] bytes;
byte b1;
byte b2;
byte b3;
byte b4;
data = discardNonBase64Bytes(data);
if (data[data.length - 2] == '=') {
bytes = new byte[(((data.length / 4) - 1) * 3) + 1];
} else if (data[data.length - 1] == '=') {
bytes = new byte[(((data.length / 4) - 1) * 3) + 2];
} else {
bytes = new byte[((data.length / 4) * 3)];
}
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < (data.length - 4); i += 4, j += 3) {
b1 = decodingTable[data[i]];
b2 = decodingTable[data[i + 1]];
b3 = decodingTable[data[i + 2]];
b4 = decodingTable[data[i + 3]];
bytes[j] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[j + 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
bytes[j + 2] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);
}
if (data[data.length - 2] == '=') {
b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];
b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
} else if (data[data.length - 1] == '=') {
b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];
b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];
b3 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 2]];
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
} else {
b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];
b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];
b3 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 2]];
b4 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 1]];
bytes[bytes.length - 3] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);
}
return bytes;
}
public static byte[] decode(String data) {
byte[] bytes;
byte b1;
byte b2;
byte b3;
byte b4;
data = discardNonBase64Chars(data);
if (data.charAt(data.length() - 2) == '=') {
bytes = new byte[(((data.length() / 4) - 1) * 3) + 1];
} else if (data.charAt(data.length() - 1) == '=') {
bytes = new byte[(((data.length() / 4) - 1) * 3) + 2];
} else {
bytes = new byte[((data.length() / 4) * 3)];
}
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < (data.length() - 4); i += 4, j += 3) {
b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i)];
b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 1)];
b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 2)];
b4 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 3)];
bytes[j] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[j + 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
bytes[j + 2] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);
}
if (data.charAt(data.length() - 2) == '=') {
b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];
b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
} else if (data.charAt(data.length() - 1) == '=') {
b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];
b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];
b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 2)];
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
} else {
b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];
b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];
b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 2)];
b4 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 1)];
bytes[bytes.length - 3] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));
bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));
bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);
}
return bytes;
}
private static byte[] discardNonBase64Bytes(byte[] data) {
byte[] temp = new byte[data.length];
int bytesCopied = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
if (isValidBase64Byte(data[i])) {
temp[bytesCopied++] = data[i];
}
}
byte[] newData = new byte[bytesCopied];
System.arraycopy(temp, 0, newData, 0, bytesCopied);
return newData;
}
private static String discardNonBase64Chars(String data) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
int length = data.length();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (isValidBase64Byte((byte) (data.charAt(i)))) {
sb.append(data.charAt(i));
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static boolean isValidBase64Byte(byte b) {
if (b == '=') {
return true;
} else if ((b < 0) || (b >= 128)) {
return false;
} else if (decodingTable[b] == -1) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String codeStr = "RON";
byte[] codeByteArr = codeStr.getBytes();
byte[] encodeByteArr = CustomBase64.encode(codeByteArr);
String encodeStr = new String(encodeByteArr);
byte[] decodeByteArr = CustomBase64.decode(encodeByteArr);
String decodeStr = new String(decodeByteArr);
System.out.println("Source:" + codeStr);
System.out.println("自己实现编码:" + encodeStr);
System.out.println("自己实现解码:" + decodeStr);
}
}
以上仅仅只是根据算法的实现原理,我们对Base64编码解码做了一个简单的实现。但是在实际的应用过程中,我们并不用关心具体的实现方案,我们直接引入org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64包,调用已经实现的编码解码方法即可。
/**
* @Comment Base64解码
* @Author Ron
* @Date 2017年9月12日 下午4:45:19
* @return
*/
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) {
return Base64.decodeBase64(key);
}
/**
* @Comment Base64编码
* @Author Ron
* @Date 2017年9月12日 下午4:47:55
* @return
*/
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] bytes) {
return Base64.encodeBase64String(bytes);
}