摘要: 正文: 以下是通过ethereal抓到的一个典型的XML-RPC调用包(为便于阅读,进行了格式化): POST /xmlrpc HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: text/xml User-Agent: Apache XML RPC 3.0 (Jakarta Commons httpclient Transport) Host: 135.252.156.147:8080 Content-Length: 260
http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/namespaces/extensions"> Calculator.add
2
3
而对应的返回数据包为: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache XML-RPC 1.0 Connection: close Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: 189
http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/namespaces/extensions">
5
其格式很简单,几乎是不言自明的,分别用methodCall和methodResponse标签标识发送给Server的调用请求和Server的返回结果,请求方法的名称用methodName标识,参数用params和param标识,而参数的类型标签则如下表所示: Tag java.util.List 二、举例 在开始之前,需到http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/index.html下载如下程序包: commons-codec-1.3(通用编码/解码算法实现,可参考http://www.devx.com/Java/Article/29795/1954?pf=true或http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/codec/userguide.html来获得该软件包的详细信息) commons-httpclient-3.0.1(HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,详细介绍见http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-httpclient/) 将上述通用工具包解压后,拷贝其中的jar文件到XML-RPC解压目录的dist目录中。 并添加如下环境变量: XMLRPC_HOME XML-RPC的解压目录 XMLRPC_LIB %XMLRPC_HOME%/dist XMLRPCCLASSPATH %XMLRPC_LIB%/xmlrpc-common-3.0rc1.jar;%XMLRPC_LIB%/xmlrpc-server-3.0rc1.jar;%XMLRPC_LIB%/xmlrpc-client-3.0rc1.jar;%XMLRPC_LIB%/commons-httpclient-3.0.1.jar;%XMLRPC_LIB%/commons-codec-1.3.jar
整个应用很简单,通过XML-RPC调用Server端提供的HelloHandler.sayHello方法回显一个字符串信息。下面是HelloHandler接口及其实现类相关代码: // HelloHandler.java package demo.xmlrpc;
public interface HelloHandler { public String sayHello(String str); }
// HelloHandlerImpl.java package demo.xmlrpc;
public class HelloHandlerImpl implements HelloHandler { public String sayHello(String str){ return "Hello, " + str + "!"; } } 以下是对应的Server端源代码: // Server1.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException; import org.apache.xmlrpc.server.PropertyHandlerMapping; import org.apache.xmlrpc.server.XmlRpcServerConfigImpl; import org.apache.xmlrpc.webserver.XmlRpcServletServer;
public class Server1 extends HttpServlet { private XmlRpcServletServer server;
public void init(ServletConfig pConfig) throws ServletException { super.init(pConfig); try { // create a new XmlRpcServletServer object server = new XmlRpcServletServer(); // set up handler mapping of XmlRpcServletServer object PropertyHandlerMapping phm = new PropertyHandlerMapping(); phm.addHandler("HelloHandler", HelloHandlerImpl.class); server.setHandlerMapping(phm); // more config of XmlRpcServletServer object XmlRpcServerConfigImpl serverConfig = (XmlRpcServerConfigImpl)server.getConfig(); serverConfig.setEnabledForExtensions(true); serverConfig.setContentLengthOptional(false); } catch (XmlRpcException e) { try { log("Failed to create XmlRpcServer: " + e.getMessage(), e); } catch (Throwable ignore) { } throw new ServletException(e); } }
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest pRequest, HttpServletResponse pResponse) throws IOException, ServletException { server.execute(pRequest, pResponse); } }
以下是对应的Client端源代码: // Client1.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.util.Vector; import java.net.URL;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.XmlRpcClient; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.XmlRpcClientConfigImpl;
public class Client1 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // config client XmlRpcClientConfigImpl config = new XmlRpcClientConfigImpl(); config.setServerURL(new URL("http://localhost:8080/jsp/XmlRpcServer")); // should be modified according to your configuration of jsp container // create a new XmlRpcClient object and bind above config object with it XmlRpcClient client = new XmlRpcClient(); client.setConfig(config); // create parameter list Vector params = new Vector(); params.addElement("Tom"); // execute XML-RPC call String result = (String) client.execute("HelloHandler.sayHello", params); System.out.println(result); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (XmlRpcException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 程序源码中已包含了详细的注释,这里就不作过多解释了。但需注意XmlRpcDemo_Client中的ServerURL信息应根据自己的的jsp容器的配置作相应调整,并需设置相应的servlet-mapping信息,在我的jsp目录(Tomcat5.5的Context之一)下的WEB_INF/web.xml文件中存在如下的servlet-mapping信息:
XmlRpcServer demo.xmlrpc.Server1
XmlRpcServer /XmlRpcServer
并且,上述Server1.class及其他相关类文件已被拷贝到jsp/WEB-INF/classes/demo/xmlrpc目录下。 在启动Tomcat并执行 java -classpath %CLASSPATH%;%XMLRPCCLASSPATH% demo.xmlrpc.Client1.java 前,你应该将%XMLRPC_HOME%/dist、%XMLRPC_HOME%/lib下的几个jar文件(source就不用拷了)及前面下载的commons-codec-1.3.jar拷贝到%TOMCAT_HOME%/common/lib或jsp/WEB-INF/lib下。 Note:除了上面这种方式,你可以无需编写任何Server端代码,仅通过简单配置完成上述功能,具体可参考:http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/server.html 接下来,作为比较,我们来看看XML-RPC2.0中应该如何实现上述功能。 以下是2.0版的Server程序: // Server2.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcServer;
public class Server2 extends HttpServlet { public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { XmlRpcServer xmlrpc = new XmlRpcServer(); xmlrpc.addHandler("HelloHandler", new HelloHandlerImpl()); byte[] result = xmlrpc.execute(request.getInputStream()); response.setContentType("text/xml"); response.setContentLength(result.length); OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); out.write(result); out.flush(); } } 以下是2.0版的Client程序: // Client2.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.util.Vector;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcClient; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException;
public class Client2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { XmlRpcClient xmlrpc = new XmlRpcClient("http://localhost:8080/jsp/XmlRpcServer"); Vector params = new Vector(); params.addElement("Tom"); String result = (String) xmlrpc.execute("HelloHandler.sayHello", params); System.out.println(result); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (XmlRpcException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 总体上看,3.0比2.0在可配置性方面有了一些改进,其它方面则没有太大变化,但由于功能模块的分离,使得3.0较2.0显得更为复杂,已经习惯了2.0单一模块风格的开发者可能需要一些时间适应这种变化。 三、其它特性 通过运用动态代理特性,我们可以在Server端及Client端共享接口信息,从而在编译期间进行必要的类型检查,在XML-RPC内部,所有的调用仍然是被动态转发给XmlRpcClient对象来完成的。但要使用XML-RPC3的动态代理功能,相应的服务器端的处理器类名称必须是Client端接口类的全名(含包名,该名称一般应该与Server端接口类全名一致),否则将会导致调用失败。以上面的HelloHandler接口为例,其对应的处理器类名称应该为:demo.xmlrpc.HelloHandler。 Note: 动态代理(JDK1.3引入)是Proxy模式、依赖注入(Dependency Injection)及动态代码生成等技术相结合的一种应用,在各新型Web应用框架及容器中被广泛采用。 而要使用XML-RPC的异步通信功能,只需实现org.apache.xmlrpc.client.AsyncCallback接口,该接口包括两个方法: public void handleResult(XmlRpcRequest pRequest, Object pResult); public void handleError(XmlRpcRequest pRequest, Throwable pError); 此外,为了便于在普通应用中使用XML-RPC,XML-RPC还提供了一个WebServer类,以便在应用中内嵌一个HTTP服务器,为Client程序提供HTTP服务。 下面的范例演示了上面提到的几种特性,以下是Server端代码: // Server3.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.server.PropertyHandlerMapping; import org.apache.xmlrpc.server.XmlRpcServer; import org.apache.xmlrpc.server.XmlRpcServerConfigImpl; import org.apache.xmlrpc.webserver.WebServer;
public class Server3 { private static final int port = 8080;
public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception { WebServer webServer = new WebServer(port);
XmlRpcServer xmlRpcServer = webServer.getXmlRpcServer();
PropertyHandlerMapping phm = new PropertyHandlerMapping(); phm.addHandler("demo.xmlrpc.HelloHandler", HelloHandlerImpl.class);
xmlRpcServer.setHandlerMapping(phm);
XmlRpcServerConfigImpl serverConfig = (XmlRpcServerConfigImpl)xmlRpcServer.getConfig(); serverConfig.setEnabledForExtensions(true); serverConfig.setContentLengthOptional(false);
webServer.start(); } } 下面是Client端代码: // Client3.java package demo.xmlrpc;
import java.net.URL; import java.util.List; import java.util.Vector;
import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcRequest; import org.apache.xmlrpc.XmlRpcException; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.XmlRpcClient; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.XmlRpcClientConfigImpl; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.AsyncCallback; import org.apache.xmlrpc.client.util.ClientFactory;
class EchoCallback implements AsyncCallback { public void handleResult(XmlRpcRequest pRequest, Object pResult) { System.out.println("Server returns: " + (String)pResult); }
public void handleError(XmlRpcRequest pRequest, Throwable pError) { System.out.println("Error occurs: " + pError.getMessage()); } }
public class Client3 { public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception { // create configuration XmlRpcClientConfigImpl config = new XmlRpcClientConfigImpl(); config.setServerURL(new URL("http://localhost:8080/xmlrpc")); config.setEnabledForExtensions(true); config.setConnectionTimeout(60 * 1000); config.setReplyTimeout(60 * 1000);
XmlRpcClient client = new XmlRpcClient(); // set configuration client.setConfig(config);
// make a call using dynamic proxy ClientFactory factory = new ClientFactory(client); HelloHandler handler = (HelloHandler)factory.newInstance(HelloHandler.class); String str = handler.sayHello("Bill David"); System.out.println(str);
// make an asynchronous call List params = new Vector(); // for JDK before 1.5, use 'List params = new Vector();' params.add("Tom"); client.executeAsync("demo.xmlrpc.HelloHandler.sayHello", params, new EchoCallback()); } } Note:由于Server3使用了8080端口,注意不要在Tomcat运行时启动Server3(除非你的Tomcat运行在其他端口).
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