OSPF实验

一 实验拓扑

二 实验需求

1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；

5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；

6、全网可达；

三 实验思路

1 对172.16.0.0/16网段进行子网划分

2 进行IP地址的配置，环回接口的配置

3 对R3、R5、R6、R7设备进行MGRE环境的配置，R3为中心站点，并在这四个路由器上而配置缺省路由，实现对边界路由器的私网互通。

4 配置OSPF协议并宣告（汇总后一并宣告）

5 将域外路由通过重发布实现OSPF内可以互通

6 配置特殊区域

7 对边界路由器配置NAT协议从而实现可以对公网的访问

四 实验步骤

IP配置

[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip a 34.0.0.1 24
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2

[isp]int s 4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip a 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]int s 3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip a 46.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip a 45.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 47.0.0.2 24
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[isp-LoopBack0]ip a 4.4.4.4 24

[r5]int s 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip a 45.0.0.1 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.2.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2

[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip a 46.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.3.1 24
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2

[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 47.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.4.1 24
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.34.1 24

[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.35.1 24

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.36.1 24

[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.1 29

[r7]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.97.1 29

[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.97.9 29

[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.97.10 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.130.1 24

[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.131.1 24

[r11]int g 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.2 29
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.65.9 29

[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.10 29
[r12]int lo0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip a 172.16.176.1 20
[r12-LoopBack1]

配置MGRE环境，R3为中心站点

[r3]int t 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.1 29  
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp  
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.2 29 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp   
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0    
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.3 29  
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp   
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.4 29  
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 

宣告OSPF

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net    
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r5]ospf 1 rout    
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0  
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0   
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]a 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]a 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]a 4 
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]a 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]a 2 
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]v 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

更改tunnel接口的接口类型

[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r5]int t0/0/0 
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r6]int t0/0/0 
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

重发布（学习域外路由）

[r12]ospf 1 
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

修改区域4为域外路由（配置特殊区域）

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r9-ospf-1]undo a 4
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2 rout    
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]a 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net    
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255  
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2   
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]de    
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

路由汇总

[r3]ospf 1    
[r3-ospf-1]a 1 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

配置区域1 2 3 为特殊区域，减少路由条目

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]a 2  
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]a 2  
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]a 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]a 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]a 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]a 3 
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

放环

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0

[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0

[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0

[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0

NAT配置

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]int s 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r5]acl 2000   
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r6]acl 2000   
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r7]acl 2000 
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

加快收敛

[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer  hello 10

[r7]int t0/0/0   
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer  hello  10

保证更新安全

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]a 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]a 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

结果测试（全网通）

路由表