【Linux加餐-connect的短线重连】

Dylan Skye

已于 2025-03-27 02:23:41 修改

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分类专栏： Linux网络篇文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2025-03-27 02:20:25 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2202_75331338/article/details/146545847

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客户端会面临服务器崩溃的情况，我们可以试着写一个客户端重连的代码，模拟并理解一些客户端行为，比如游戏客户端等

TcpClient.cc

采用状态机，实现一个简单的tcp client可以实现重连效果

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>


using namespace std;

void Usage(const std::string &process)
{
    std::cout << "Usage: " << process << " server_ip server_port" << std::endl;
}

enum class Status // C++11 强类型枚举
{
    NEW,        // 新建状态，就是单纯的连接
    CONNECTING, // 正在连接，仅仅方便查询conn状态
    CONNECTED,  // 连接或者重连成功
    DISCONNECTED, // 重连失败
    CLOSED        // 连接失败，经历重连，无法连接
};

class ClientConnection
{
public:
    ClientConnection(uint16_t serverport, const std::string &serverip)
        : _sockfd(-1),
          _serverport(serverport),
          _serverip(serverip),
          _retry_interval(1),
          _max_retries(5),
          _status(Status::NEW)
    {
    }
    void Connect()
    {
        // 1. 创建socket
        _sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (_sockfd < 0)
        {
            cerr << "socket error" << endl;
            exit(1);
        }

        // 2. 要不要bind？必须要有Ip和Port, 需要bind，但是不需要用户显示的bind，client系统随机端口
        // 发起连接的时候，client会被OS自动进行本地绑定
        // 2. connect
        struct sockaddr_in server;
        memset(&server, 0, sizeof(server));
        server.sin_family = AF_INET;
        server.sin_port = htons(_serverport);
        // p:process(进程), n(网络) -- 不太准确，但是好记忆
        inet_pton(AF_INET, _serverip.c_str(), &server.sin_addr); // 1. 字符串ip->4字节IP 2. 网络序列

        int n = connect(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)); // 自动进行bind哦！
        if (n < 0)
        {
            Disconnect();                   // 恢复_sockfd的默认值，是连接没有成功，不代表sockfd创建没有成功
            _status = Status::DISCONNECTED; // 没有连接成功
            return;
        }
        _status = Status::CONNECTED; // 连接成功
    }
    int SocketFd()
    {
        return _sockfd;
    }
    void Reconnect()
    {
        _status = Status::CONNECTING; // 正在重连
        int count = 0;
        while (count < _max_retries)
        {
            Connect(); // 重连
            if (_status == Status::CONNECTED)
            {
                return;
            }
            sleep(_retry_interval);
            count++;
            std::cout << "重连次数: " << count << ", 最大上限: " << _max_retries << std::endl;
        }
        _status = Status::CLOSED; // 重连失败，可以关闭了
    }
    void Disconnect()
    {
        if (_sockfd != -1)
        {
            close(_sockfd);
            _status = Status::CLOSED;
            _sockfd = -1;
        }
    }
    Status GetStatus()
    {
        return _status;
    }
    void Process()
    {
        // 简单的IO即可
        while (true)
        {
            string inbuffer;
            cout << "Please Enter# ";
            getline(cin, inbuffer);
            if(inbuffer.empty()) continue;
            
            ssize_t n = write(_sockfd, inbuffer.c_str(), inbuffer.size());
            if (n > 0)
            {
                char buffer[1024];
                ssize_t m = read(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
                if (m > 0)
                {
                    buffer[m] = 0;
                    cout << "echo messsge -> " << buffer << endl;
                }
                else if (m == 0) // 这里证明server端掉线了
                {
                    _status = Status::DISCONNECTED;
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    std::cout << "read m : " << m << "errno: " << errno << "errno string: " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
                    _status = Status::CLOSED;
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                std::cout << "write n : " << n << "errno: " << errno << "errno string: " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
                _status = Status::CLOSED;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    ~ClientConnection()
    {
        Disconnect();
    }

private:
    int _sockfd;
    uint16_t _serverport;  // server port 端口号
    std::string _serverip; // server ip地址
    int _retry_interval;   // 重试时间间隔
    int _max_retries;      // 重试次数
    Status _status;        // 连接状态
};

class TcpClient
{
public:
    TcpClient(uint16_t serverport, const std::string &serverip) : _conn(serverport, serverip)
    {
    }
    void Execute()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            switch (_conn.GetStatus())
            {
            case Status::NEW:
                _conn.Connect();
                break;
            case Status::CONNECTED:
                std::cout << "连接成功, 开始进行通信." << std::endl;
                _conn.Process();
                break;
            case Status::DISCONNECTED:
                std::cout << "连接失败或者对方掉线，开始重连." << std::endl;
                _conn.Reconnect();
                break;
            case Status::CLOSED:
                _conn.Disconnect();
                std::cout << "重连失败, 退出." << std::endl;
                return; // 退出
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    ~TcpClient()
    {
    }

private:
    ClientConnection _conn; // 简单组合起来即可
};
// class Tcp

// ./tcp_client serverip serverport
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 3)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    std::string serverip = argv[1];
    uint16_t serverport = stoi(argv[2]);
    TcpClient client(serverport, serverip);
    client.Execute();
    return 0;
}

TcpServer.cc

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

const static int default_backlog = 6;

enum
{
    Usage_Err = 1,
    Socket_Err,
    Bind_Err,
    Listen_Err
};

#define CONV(addr_ptr) ((struct sockaddr *)addr_ptr)

class TcpServer
{
public:
    TcpServer(uint16_t port) : _port(port), _isrunning(false)
    {
    }
    // 都是固定套路
    void Init()
    {
        // 1. 创建socket, file fd, 本质是文件
        _listensock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (_listensock < 0)
        {
            exit(0);
        }
        int opt = 1;
        setsockopt(_listensock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt));

        // 2. 填充本地网络信息并bind
        struct sockaddr_in local;
        memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
        local.sin_family = AF_INET;
        local.sin_port = htons(_port);
        local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

        // 2.1 bind
        if (bind(_listensock, CONV(&local), sizeof(local)) != 0)
        {
            exit(Bind_Err);
        }

        // 3. 设置socket为监听状态，tcp特有的
        if (listen(_listensock, default_backlog) != 0)
        {
            exit(Listen_Err);
        }
    }
    void ProcessConnection(int sockfd, struct sockaddr_in &peer)
    {
        uint16_t clientport = ntohs(peer.sin_port);
        std::string clientip = inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr);
        std::string prefix = clientip + ":" + std::to_string(clientport);
        std::cout << "get a new connection, info is : " << prefix << std::endl;
        while (true)
        {
            char inbuffer[1024];
            ssize_t s = ::read(sockfd, inbuffer, sizeof(inbuffer)-1);
            if(s > 0)
            {
                inbuffer[s] = 0;
                std::cout << prefix << "# " << inbuffer << std::endl;
                std::string echo = inbuffer;
                echo += "[tcp server echo message]";
                write(sockfd, echo.c_str(), echo.size());
            }
            else
            {
                std::cout << prefix << " client quit" << std::endl;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    void Start()
    {
        _isrunning = true;
        while (_isrunning)
        {
            // 4. 获取连接
            struct sockaddr_in peer;
            socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
            int sockfd = accept(_listensock, CONV(&peer), &len);
            if (sockfd < 0)
            {
                continue;
            }
            ProcessConnection(sockfd, peer);
        }
    }
    ~TcpServer()
    {
    }

private:
    uint16_t _port;
    int _listensock; // TODO
    bool _isrunning;
};

using namespace std;

void Usage(std::string proc)
{
    std::cout << "Usage : \n\t" << proc << " local_port\n"
              << std::endl;
}
// ./tcp_server 8888
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        return Usage_Err;
    }
    uint16_t port = stoi(argv[1]);
    std::unique_ptr<TcpServer> tsvr = make_unique<TcpServer>(port);
    tsvr->Init();
    tsvr->Start();

    return 0;
}

测试1：不启动服务端，直接客户端连接