SSM框架

SSM 框架是指 Spring、Spring MVC 和 MyBatis 这三大框架的组合，常用于开发 Java Web 应用。下面是一个详细的示例，展示如何使用 SSM 框架构建一个简单的应用。

1. 环境准备

确保你已经安装了以下工具：

• JDK（建议使用 Java 8 或更高版本）
• Maven（用于构建项目和管理依赖）
• 一个适合的 IDE（如 IntelliJ IDEA 或 Eclipse）
• 数据库（如 MySQL）

2. 创建 Maven 项目

使用 Maven 创建一个新的 Java Web 项目。可以在 IDE 中选择 Maven 项目类型，也可以通过命令行创建。

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssm-example</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MyBatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JDBC Driver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Servlet API -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JUnit (for testing) -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3. 配置 Spring

src/main/resources/applicationContext.xml:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- DataSource configuration -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_example?useSSL=false"/>
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="password"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- SqlSessionFactory configuration -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath*:mapper/*.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- MapperScannerConfigurer configuration -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.example.mapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- TransactionManager configuration -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Enable annotation-driven transaction management -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

4. 配置 Spring MVC

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- Enable annotation-driven controllers -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- Component scanning -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>

    <!-- View resolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5. 创建 MyBatis Mapper

src/main/resources/mapper/UserMapper.xml:

<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="findById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.example.model.User">
        SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

src/main/java/com/example/mapper/UserMapper.java:

package com.example.mapper;

import com.example.model.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

public interface UserMapper {
    User findById(int id);
}

6. 创建 Controller 和 Service

src/main/java/com/example/controller/UserController.java:

package com.example.controller;

import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public ModelAndView getUser(@RequestParam("id") int id) {
        User user = userService.findById(id);
        return new ModelAndView("user", "user", user);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/example/service/UserService.java:

package com.example.service;

import com.example.model.User;

public interface UserService {
    User findById(int id);
}

src/main/java/com/example/service/impl/UserServiceImpl.java:

package com.example.service.impl;

import com.example.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public User findById(int id) {
        return userMapper.findById(id);
    }
}

7. 配置 Web.xml

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml:

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                             http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

8. 创建 JSP 文件

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/user.jsp:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>User Information</h1>
    <p>ID: ${user.id}</p>
    <p>Name: ${user.name}</p>
</body>
</html>

9. 数据库表

假设你的数据库中有一个表 users，其结构如下：

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

10. 运行项目

• 确保你的数据库服务已启动，并且表结构已经创建。
• 将项目部署到 Tomcat 服务器或其他支持的 Servlet 容器中。
• 启动服务器，并访问 http://localhost:8080/ssm-example/user?id=1（假设 ID 为 1 的用户存在）。

这个示例展示了如何使用 Spring、Spring MVC 和 MyBatis 结合在一起构建一个简单的 Web 应用。根据实际需求，你可以进一步扩展和修改配置。