使用R语言进行主成分和因子分析

一、数据描述

数据来源2013年各地区水泥制造业规模以上企业的各主要经济指标，原始数据来源于2014年（《中国水泥统计年鉴》），试对用主成分和因子进行经济效益评价。

地区,企业个数（亿元）,流动资产合计（亿元）,资产总额（亿元）,负债总额（亿元）,主营业务收入（亿元）,利润总额（亿元）,销售利润率（%）
北京,8,17.6,43.8,17.8,26.6,-1.4,-5.2
天津,24,43.8,91.7,33.7,35.9,1.5,4.1
河北,231,281.4,993.8,647,565.1,22.7,4
山西,113,103.4,317.4,238.5,124,-2.1,-1.7
内蒙古,116,135.9,384.4,256.8,245.8,11.9,4.8
辽宁,151,151.4,417.6,247.9,350.3,23,6.6
吉林,69,333.7,627.7,415.2,539.8,25.4,4.7
黑龙江,96,142.1,331.6,234.7,183.2,13.5,7.4
上海,14,21.5,28.3,12.6,31.6,1.2,4
江苏,254,300.3,680,435.7,713.3,62.6,8.8
浙江,192,259.8,561.9,300.1,473.9,42.1,8.9
安徽,169,217.2,591.9,305.2,518.8,64.9,12.5
福建,111,93.2,276.4,163.9,284.8,11.2,3.9
江西,138,143.8,398.1,208.4,400.3,47.5,11.9
山东,295,351.8,792.7,412.5,878.3,80.3,9.1
河南,238,388.5,804.2,475.2,673.7,58.3,8.7
湖北,151,193,619.7,360.7,570.5,49.1,8.6
湖南,220,86.4,398.8,212.3,434.1,33.6,7.7
广东,204,217,592.1,345.3,474.3,40.5,8.5
广西,148,116,387.2,178.7,344,49.6,14.4
海南,15,53.1,102.1,52.9,80.7,5.6,6.9
重庆,78,158.3,419.8,294.1,185.1,8.4,4.5
四川,196,218.2,739.1,433.3,465.2,37.1,8
贵州,133,91.5,367.5,244.2,224.7,28.2,12.6
云南,149,134.2,434.7,290.2,251,11.3,4.5
西藏,10,11.3,26.5,5.4,17.4,4.1,23.7
陕西,116,82.2,312.6,203.8,253.2,14.4,5.7
甘肃,68,61.8,213.2,126.8,124.3,13.3,10.7
青海,20,39.5,152.7,123.1,44.4,3,6.7
宁夏,27,36.1,90.1,49.2,45.1,3.4,7.4
新疆,86,220.6,602.7,353.4,136.1,1.5,1.1

二、读入数据

df<-read.csv('f:/桌面/水泥制造企业.csv')attach(df)

attach(df)
names(df)<-c('areas','x1','x2','x3','x4','x5','x6','x7')

df

 df
    areas  x1    x2    x3    x4    x5   x6   x7
1    北京   8  17.6  43.8  17.8  26.6 -1.4 -5.2
2    天津  24  43.8  91.7  33.7  35.9  1.5  4.1
3    河北 231 281.4 993.8 647.0 565.1 22.7  4.0
4    山西 113 103.4 317.4 238.5 124.0 -2.1 -1.7
5  内蒙古 116 135.9 384.4 256.8 245.8 11.9  4.8
6    辽宁 151 151.4 417.6 247.9 350.3 23.0  6.6
7    吉林  69 333.7 627.7 415.2 539.8 25.4  4.7
8  黑龙江  96 142.1 331.6 234.7 183.2 13.5  7.4
9    上海  14  21.5  28.3  12.6  31.6  1.2  4.0
10   江苏 254 300.3 680.0 435.7 713.3 62