1、Pinia和Vuex区别
-
支持选项式api和组合式api写法
-
pinia没有mutations,只有:state、getters、actions
-
pinia分模块不需要modules(之前vuex分模块需要modules)
-
TypeScript支持很好
-
自动化代码拆分
-
pinia体积更小(性能更好)
-
pinia可以直接修改state中的数据
2、安装Pinia
npm install pinia
3、使用Pinia
3.1、main.ts引入
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
app.use(createPinia())
3.2、根目录新建store/index.js中写入
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
state: () => {
return {
counter: 0,
}
},
getters:{},
actions:{}
})
3.3、组件使用
<script setup>
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
</script>
4、State
4.1、Pinia定义state数据
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
state: () => {
return {
counter: 0,
name: 'Tom',
isFlag: true,
}
},
getters:{},
actions:{}
})
4.2、组件使用pinia的state数据
<template>
<div>
<h1>A组件</h1>
{{ name }}
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name } = store;
</script>
4.3、组件修改pinia的state数据
pinia本身可以直接修改state数据,无需像vuex一样通过mutations才可以修改,但是上面写的let { name } = store;这种解构是不可以的,所以要换解构的方式。
<template>
<div>
<h1>A组件</h1>
{{ name }}
<button @click='btn'>按钮</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name } = storeToRefs(store);
const btn = ()=>{
name.value = '123';
}
</script>
4.4、批量更新state数据
store/index.js
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
state: () => {
return {
counter: 0,
name: 'Eduardo',
arr:['a','b','c']
}
},
getters:{},
actions:{}
})
组件代码: 使用$patch进行批量更新
<template>
<div>
<h1>A组件</h1>
{{ name }}
{{ counter }}
{{ arr }}
<button @click='btn'>按钮</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name,counter,arr } = storeToRefs(store);
const btn = ()=>{
//批量更新
store.$patch(state=>{
state.counter++;
state.arr.push(4);
state.name = '456';
})
}
</script>
5、actions
actions就比较简单了,写入方法,比如我们可以让state中的某一个值+=,而且传入参数
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
state: () => {
return {
counter: 0
}
},
getters:{},
actions:{
changeCounter( val ){
this.counter += val;
}
}
})
<template>
<div>
<h1>A组件</h1>
{{ counter }}
<button @click='add'>加10</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { counter } = storeToRefs(store);
const add = ()=>{
store.changeCounter(10);
}
</script>
6、getters
getters和vuex的getters几乎类似,也是有缓存的机制
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
state: () => {
return {
counter: 0,
}
},
getters:{
counterPar( ){
console.log(111);
return this.counter + 100;
}
},
actions:{}
})
<template>
<div>
{{ counterPar }}
{{ counterPar }}
{{ counterPar }}
<h1>A组件</h1>
{{ counter }}
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { counter, counterPar } = storeToRefs(store);
</script>
7、Pinia持久化存储
7.1、安装插件:
npm i pinia-plugin-persist --save
7.2、修改项目入口文件src/main.ts:
//引入Pinia:
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
//引入pinia的持久化插件:
import piniaPluginPersist from 'pinia-plugin-persist'
//使用pinia
let store = createPinia();
store.use(piniaPluginPersist);
app.use(store)
7.3、修改store/user.js:
export const useUserStore = defineStore({
id: 'user',
state: () => {
return {
name: '张三'
}
},
// 开启数据缓存**
persist: {
enabled: true
}
})
7.4、自定义 key: 数据默认存在 sessionStorage 里,并且会以 store 的 id 作为 key。
persist: {
enabled: true,
strategies: [
{
key: 'my_user',
storage: localStorage,
}
]
}
7.5、持久化部分 state数据:默认所有 state 都会进行缓存,你能够通过 paths 指定要长久化的字段,其余的则不会进行长久化。
state: () => {
return {
name: '张三',
age: 18,
gender: '男'
}
},
persist: {
enabled: true,
strategies: [
{
storage: localStorage,
paths: ['name', 'age']
}
]
}