数据结构双向链表和静态链表作业

本文详细介绍了双向链表和静态链表的定义、代码实现、基本操作(如插入和删除),以及内存管理策略。通过实例展示了它们在实际编程中的应用,强调了学习这些基础数据结构对进一步学习的重要性。
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前言

本篇主要介绍了双向链表和静态链表及其基本操作用法


一、双向链表

代码如下(示例):

#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
typedef struct DoubleLinkedNode{
	char data;
	struct DoubleLinkedNode *previous;
	struct DoubleLinkedNode *next;
}DLNode,*DLNodePtr;
DLNodePtr initLinkList(){
	DLNodePtr tempHeader=(DLNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct DoubleLinkedNode));
	tempHeader->data='\0';
	tempHeader->previous=NULL;
	tempHeader->next=NULL;
	return tempHeader;
		
} 
void printList(DLNodePtr paraHeader){
	DLNodePtr p=paraHeader->next;
	while(p!=NULL){
		printf("%c",p->data);
		p=p->next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}
void insertElement(DLNodePtr paraHeader,char paraChar,int paraPosition){
	DLNodePtr p,q,r;
	// Step 1. Search to the position.
	p=paraHeader;
	for(int i=0;i<paraPosition;i++){
		p=p->next;
		if(p==NULL){
			printf("The position %d is beyond the scope of the list.", paraPosition);
			return;
		}
	}
	// Step 2. Construct a new node.
	q=(DLNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct DoubleLinkedNode));
	q->data=paraChar;
	// Step 3. Now link.
	r=p->next;
	q->next=r;
	q->previous=p;
	p->next=q;
	if (r != NULL){
		r->previous = q;
	}
}
void deleteElement(DLNodePtr paraHeader,char paraChar){
	DLNodePtr p,q,r;
	p=paraHeader;
	// Step 1. Locate.
	while((p->next!=NULL)&&(p->next->data!=paraChar)){
		p=p->next;
	}
	if(p->next==NULL){
		printf("The char '%c' does not exist.\r\n", paraChar);
		return;
	}
	q=p->next;
	r=q->next;
	p->next=r; 
	if (r != NULL) {
		r->previous = p;
	}
	free(q);
}
void insertDeleteTest(){
	// Step 1. Initialize an empty list.
	DLNodePtr tempList = initLinkList();
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 2. Add some characters.
	insertElement(tempList, 'H', 0);
	insertElement(tempList, 'e', 1);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 2);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 3);
	insertElement(tempList, 'o', 4);
	insertElement(tempList, '!', 5);
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 3. Delete some characters (the first occurrence).
	deleteElement(tempList, 'e');
	deleteElement(tempList, 'a');
	deleteElement(tempList, 'o');
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 4. Insert to a given position.
	insertElement(tempList, 'o', 1);
	printList(tempList);
}// Of appendInsertDeleteTest

/**
 * Address test: beyond the book.
 */
void basicAddressTest(){
	DLNode tempNode1, tempNode2;

	tempNode1.data = 4;
	tempNode1.next = NULL;

	tempNode2.data = 6;
	tempNode2.next = NULL;

	printf("The first node: %d, %d, %d\r\n",
		&tempNode1, &tempNode1.data, &tempNode1.next);
	printf("The second node: %d, %d, %d\r\n",
		&tempNode2, &tempNode2.data, &tempNode2.next);

	tempNode1.next = &tempNode2;
}// Of basicAddressTest


int main(){
	insertDeleteTest();
	basicAddressTest();
}

运行结果如下


Hello!
The char 'a' does not exist.
Hll!
Holl!
The first node: 6487504, 6487504, 6487520
The second node: 6487472, 6487472, 6487488

--------------------------------

二、静态链表

代码如下(示例):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define DEFAULT_SIZE 5

typedef struct StaticLinkedNode{
	char data;

	int next;
} *NodePtr;

typedef struct StaticLinkedList{
	NodePtr nodes;
	int* used;
} *ListPtr;

/**
 * Initialize the list with a header.
 * @return The pointer to the header.
 */
ListPtr initLinkedList(){
	// The pointer to the whole list space.
	ListPtr tempPtr = (ListPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedList));

	// Allocate total space.
	tempPtr->nodes = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedNode) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
	tempPtr->used = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * DEFAULT_SIZE);

	// The first node is the header.
	tempPtr->nodes[0].data = '\0';
	tempPtr->nodes[0].next = -1;

	// Only the first node is used.
	tempPtr->used[0] = 1;
	for (int i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
		tempPtr->used[i] = 0;
	}// Of for i

	return tempPtr;
}// Of initLinkedList

/**
 * Print the list.
 * @param paraListPtr The pointer to the list.
 */
void printList(ListPtr paraListPtr){
	int p = 0;
	while (p != -1) {
		printf("%c", paraListPtr->nodes[p].data);
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}// Of while
	printf("\r\n");
}// Of printList

/**
 * Insert an element to the given position.
 * @param paraListPtr The position of the list.
 * @param paraChar The given char.
 * @param paraPosition The given position.
 */
void insertElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar, int paraPosition){
	int p, q, i;

	// Step 1. Search to the position.
	p = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < paraPosition; i ++) {
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
		if (p == -1) {
			printf("The position %d is beyond the scope of the list.\r\n", paraPosition);
			return;
		}// Of if
	} // Of for i

	// Step 2. Construct a new node.
	for (i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
		if (paraListPtr->used[i] == 0){
			// This is identical to malloc.
			printf("Space at %d allocated.\r\n", i);
			paraListPtr->used[i] = 1;
			q = i;
			break;
		}// Of if
	}// Of for i
	if (i == DEFAULT_SIZE){
		printf("No space.\r\n");
		return;
	}// Of if

	paraListPtr->nodes[q].data = paraChar;

	// Step 3. Now link.
	printf("linking\r\n");
	paraListPtr->nodes[q].next = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = q;
}// Of insertElement

/**
 * Delete an element from the list.
 * @param paraHeader The header of the list.
 * @param paraChar The given char.
 */
void deleteElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar){
	int p, q;
	p = 0;
	while ((paraListPtr->nodes[p].next != -1) && (paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].data != paraChar)){
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}// Of while

	if (paraListPtr->nodes[p].next == -1) {
		printf("Cannot delete %c\r\n", paraChar);
		return;
	}// Of if

	q = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].next;
	
	// This statement is identical to free(q)
	paraListPtr->used[q] = 0;
}// Of deleteElement

/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void appendInsertDeleteTest(){
	// Step 1. Initialize an empty list.
	ListPtr tempList = initLinkedList();
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 2. Add some characters.
	insertElement(tempList, 'H', 0);
	insertElement(tempList, 'e', 1);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 2);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 3);
	insertElement(tempList, 'o', 4);
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 3. Delete some characters (the first occurrence).
	printf("Deleting 'e'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'e');
	printf("Deleting 'a'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'a');
	printf("Deleting 'o'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'o');
	printList(tempList);

	insertElement(tempList, 'x', 1);
	printList(tempList);
}// Of appendInsertDeleteTest

/**
 * The entrance.
 */
void main(){
	appendInsertDeleteTest();
}// Of main

运行结果如下

Space at 1 allocated.
linking
Space at 2 allocated.
linking
Space at 3 allocated.
linking
Space at 4 allocated.
linking
No space.
 Hell
Deleting 'e'.
Deleting 'a'.
Cannot delete a
Deleting 'o'.
Cannot delete o
 Hll
Space at 2 allocated.
linking
 Hxll
Press any key to continue

总结

本篇针对双向链表及静态链表进行了分析与测试,尽管平时使用他们的场景不多,但通过学习与测试,有利于我们今后数据结构的学习以及思想的养成

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