Android| （十三）权限1 ＜uses-permission＞使用权限

官网：<permission>|  Android Developers

        在Android权限操作（在Manifest文件中配置）中，有4个标签与此有关，即

• <uses-permission>（Android预定义权限，最常用）
• <permission> （自定义权限使用，使用较少）
• <permission-tree> (很少使用,声明一组permissons的namespace)
• <permission-group> （很少使用，声明一个标签，代表一组permissions）

一、<uses-permission>概述

 定义：指定为使应用正常运行而用户必须授予的系统权限。

<uses-permission 
        android:name="string"
        android:maxSdkVersion="integer" />

name	权限名称(通常以软件包名称为前缀)，可以是  标准系统权限 应用通过<permission>自定义的权限 另一个应用定义的权限
maxSdkVersion	此权限授予应用的最高 API 级别。 如果从某个 API 级别开始不再需要应用所需的权限，则设置此属性非常有用。

二、常见权限 | 方便查找【ctrl+F】

android.permission.	Allows an application
ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES	读写访问”properties”表在checkin数据库中，改值可以修改上传
ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION	访问CellID或WiFi热点来获取粗略的位置(access coarse (e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location) 访问精良位置(如GPS) ( accessfine (e.g., GPS) location)
ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS	访问额外的位置提供命令( access extra location provider commands)
ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION	创建模拟位置提供用于测试(create mock location providers for testing)
CHANGE_CONFIGURATION	允许一个程序修改当前设置，如本地化
CALL_PHONE CALL_PRIVILEGED	初始化电话拨号/ 拨打任何号码，包含紧急号码，无需通过拨号用户界面需要用户确认
INTERNET ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE ACCESS_WIFI_STATE	允许程序打开网络套接字sockets 访问GSM网络状态信息  访问Wi-Fi网络状态信息
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE CHANGE_WIFI_STATE	改变网络连接状态 改变Wi-Fi连接状态
BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED	app移除后，广播提示消息
ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER	使用SurfaceFlinger底层特性
BRICK	请求能够禁用设备(非常危险)(Required to be able to disable thedevice (very *erous!).)
ADD_SYSTEM_SERVICE	发布系统级服务(Allowsan application to publish system-level services).
BATTERY_STATS	更新手机电池统计信息
BLUETOOTH BLUETOOTH_ADMIN	连接到已配对的蓝牙设备 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备
CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE	允许一个程序是否改变一个组件或其他的启用或禁用(Allowsan application to change whether an application component (other than its own)is enabled or not. )
BROADCAST_STICKY	广播sticky intents
CAMERA	请求访问使用照相设备
CLEAR_APP_CACHE	清除缓存 在设备中所有安装的程序
CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA 允许一个程序清除用户设置 CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES 允许启用禁止位置更新提示从无线模块 .DELETE_CACHE_FILES 允许程序删除缓存文件 android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES 允许一个程序删除包 android.permission.DEVICE_POWER 允许访问底层电源管理 android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC 允许程序RW诊断资源 DISABLE_KEYGUARD 允许程序禁用键盘锁 DUMP 允许程序返回状态抓取信息从系统服务 EXPAND_STATUS_BAR 允许一个程序扩展收缩在状态栏,android开发网提示应该是一个类似Windows Mobile中的托盘程序 android.permission.FACTORY_TEST 作为一个工厂测试程序，运行在root用户(Run as a manufacturer test application,running as the root user. ) android.permission.FLASHLIGHT 访问闪光灯,android开发网提示HTC Dream不包含闪光灯(Allowsaccess to the flashlight ) android.permission.FORCE_BACK 允许程序强行一个后退操作是否在顶层activities(Allowsan application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity. ) android.permission.FOTA_UPDATE 暂时不了解这是做什么使用的，android开发网分析可能是一个预留权限. android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS 访问一个帐户列表在AccountsService中(Allows access to thelist of accounts in the Accounts Service) android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE 允许一个程序获取任何package占用空间容量(Allows an application to find out thespace used by any package. ) android.permission.GET_TASKS 允许一个程序获取信息有关当前或最近运行的任务，一个缩略的任务状态，是否活动等等(Allowsan application to get information about the currently or recently runningtasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running init, etc.) android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST 允许访问硬件(Allowsaccess to hardware peripherals. ) android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS 允许一个程序截获用户事件如按键、触摸、轨迹球等等到一个时间流，android开发网提醒算是hook技术吧(Allowsan application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the eventstream and deliver them to ANY window.) android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES 允许一个程序安装packages(Allowsan application to install packages. ) android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW 允许打开窗口使用系统用户界面(Allowsan application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system userinterface. ) android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS 允许程序管理(创建、催后、 z- order默认向z轴推移)程序引用在窗口管理器中(Allowsan application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) application tokens in thewindow manager. ) android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR 目前还没有明确的解释，android开发网分析可能是清除一切数据，类似硬格机 android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS 允许程序修改全局音频设置(Allowsan application to modify global audio settings) android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE 允许修改话机状态，如电源，人机接口等(Allowsmodification of the telephony state – power on, mmi, etc. ) android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS 允许挂载和反挂载文件系统可移动存储(Allowsmounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage. ) android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY 允许一个程序设置他的activities显示(Allow an application to make itsactivities persistent. ) android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS 允许程序监视、修改有关播出电话(Allowsan application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls) android.permission.READ_CALENDAR 允许程序读取用户日历数据(Allowsan application to read the user's calendar data.) android.permission.READ_CONTACTS 允许程序读取用户联系人数据(Allowsan application to read the user's contacts data.) android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER 允许程序屏幕波或和更多常规的访问帧缓冲数据(Allowsan application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the framebuffer data) android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE 允许程序返回当前按键状态(Allowsan application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches. ) android.permission.READ_LOGS 允许程序读取底层系统日志文件(Allowsan application to read the low-level system log files. ) android.permission.READ_OWNER_DATA 允许程序读取所有者数据(Allowsan application to read the owner's data) android.permission.READ_SMS 允许程序读取短信息(Allowsan application to read SMS messages.) android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS 允许程序读取同步设置(Allowsapplications to read the sync settings) android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS 允许程序读取同步状态(Allowsapplications to read the sync stats) android.permission.REBOOT 请求能够重新启动设备(Requiredto be able to reboot the device. ) android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED 允许一个程序接收到ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED广播在系统完成启动(Allowsan application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after thesystem finishes booting. ) android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS 允许一个程序监控将收到MMS彩信,记录或处理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them. ) android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS 允许程序监控一个将收到短信息，记录或处理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them.) android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH 允许程序监控将收到WAPPUSH信息(Allows an applicationto monitor incoming WAP push messages. ) android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO 允许程序录制音频(Allowsan application to record audio) android.permission.REORDER_TASKS 允许程序改变Z轴排列任务(Allows an application to change theZ-order of tasks) RESTART_PACKAGES 允许程序重新启动其他程序 SEND_SMS 允许程序发送SMS短信 SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER 允许程序监控或控制activities已经启动全局系统中 SET_ALWAYS_FINISH 允许程序控制是否活动间接完成在处于后台时 SET_ANIMATION_SCALE 修改全局信息比例(Modifythe global animation scaling factor.) .SET_DEBUG_APP 配置一个程序用于调试(Configurean application for debugging.) SET_ORIENTATION 允许底层访问设置屏幕方向和实际旋转 SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS 允许一个程序修改列表参数 SET_PROCESS_FOREGROUND 允许程序当前运行程序强行到前台force any currently running process to be in the foreground.)
SET_PROCESS_LIMIT设置最大的运行进程数量 maximum number of (not needed) application processesthat can be running.  SET_TIME_ZONE设置系统时间区域 SET_WALLPAPER SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS	设置壁纸wallpaper  设置壁纸 wallpaper hints
SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES	允许程序请求发送信号到所有显示的进程中
STATUS_BAR	打开、关闭或禁用状态栏及图标  status bar and its icons.
SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE	访问订阅RSS Feed ContentProvider. 系统暂时保留改设置,android开发网认为未来版本会加入该功能。
SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW	打开窗口使用TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT，显示在其他所有程序的顶层
VIBRATE	访问振动设备vibrator
WAKE_LOCK	使用PowerManager的 WakeLocks保持进程在休眠时从屏幕消失(Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen fromdimming)
WRITE_APN_SETTINGS	写入API设置( write the apnsettings)
WRITE_CALENDAR	写入但不读取用户日历数据(write (but not read) the user's calendar data. )
WRITE_CONTACTS	写入但不读取用户联系人数据(write (but not read) the user's contacts data. )
WRITE_GSERVICES	修改Google服务地图( modify theGoogle service map. )
WRITE_OWNER_DATA	写入但不读取所有者数据(write (but not read) the owner's data.)
WRITE_SETTINGS	读取或写入系统设置(ead or write the system settings. )
android.permission.WRITE_SMS	允许程序写短信 write SMS messages
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS	允许程序写入同步设置 write the sync settings)