回溯-N皇后

1.字符转字符串

public class T03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<List<String>> lists = new T03().new Solution().solveNQueens(4);
        for (List<String> list : lists) {
            System.out.println(list);
        }
    }
    class Solution {
        List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>();

        public List<List<String>> solveNQueens(int n) {
            char[][] chessboard = new char[n][n];
            for (char[] c : chessboard) {
                Arrays.fill(c, '.');
            }
            backTrack(n, 0, chessboard);
            return res;
        }


        public void backTrack(int n, int row, char[][] chessboard) {
            if (row == n) {
                res.add(Array2List(chessboard));
                return;
            }

            for (int col = 0;col < n; col++) {
                if (isValid (row, col, n, chessboard)) {
                    chessboard[row][col] = 'Q';
                    backTrack(n, row+1, chessboard);
                    chessboard[row][col] = '.';
                }
            }

        }


        public List Array2List(char[][] chessboard) {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

            for (char[] c : chessboard) {
                list.add(String.copyValueOf(c));
            }
            return list;
        }


        public boolean isValid(int row, int col, int n, char[][] chessboard) {
            // 检查列
            for (int i=0; i<row; ++i) { // 相当于剪枝
                if (chessboard[i][col] == 'Q') {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // 检查45度对角线
            for (int i=row-1, j=col-1; i>=0 && j>=0; i--, j--) {
                if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // 检查135度对角线
            for (int i=row-1, j=col+1; i>=0 && j<=n-1; i--, j++) {
                if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
}