数据结构——循环双链表


一、循环双链表

基于单链表实现循环双链表;相比于单链表,循环双链表的数据结点有两个指针,分别指向该节点的上一个数据节点(前驱)和下一个数据结点(后继),且头结点或首元结点的前驱指向链表的最后一个数据结点,而最后一个数据结点的后继指向头结点或首元结点。


二、基本操作

1.结点类型描述

typedef struct DNode{
	ElemType data;
	struct DNode* next, * prior;
}DNode,*LinkList;

指针next指向后继结点,prior指向前驱结点

2.初始化

void Initial(LinkList& L) {	//初始化
	L = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
	if (L)
	{
		L->next = L;
		L->prior = L;
		L->data = 0;
		printf("Initialization succeeded!\n");
	}
	else
		printf("Error:Insufficient memory!\n");
}

初始化时头结点的前驱和后继都指向自身。
注:这里用头结点的数据域存储链表长度信息,因此初始化设为0,若无需要可忽略

3.按序查找

DNode* GetElem(LinkList L)	//按序号查找
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList p = L;
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if ((i <= 0) || (i > L->data))
	{
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	while (i--)
		p = p->next;
	if (p)
		return p;
	printf("Error:error in linked list\n");
	return NULL;
}

若头结点的前驱与后继相等,则说明表空。

4.按值查找

DNode* LocateElem(LinkList L) //按值查找
{
	int value = 0;
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	LinkList p = L->next;
	printf("Please enter the value:");
	scanf_s("%d", &value);
	while (p != L)
	{
		if (value == p->data)
		{
			printf("Success!\n");
			return p;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("Defeat:target value not found\n");
	return NULL;
}

因为该结构是循环结构,当指针p再次指向头结点时表示链表循环一周。

4.插入

bool Input(LinkList& L)	//插入
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList n = L;
	LinkList p = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
	if (!p) {
		printf("Error:Insufficient memory!\n");
		return false;
	}
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if ((i <= 0) || (i > L->data+1))
	{
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return false;
	}
	while (i--)
		n = n->next;
	printf("Please enter the value:");
	scanf_s("%d", &(p->data));
	p->next = n;
	p->prior = n->prior;
	n->prior->next = p;
	n->prior = p;
	L->data++;
	return true;
}

示意图:
初始
插入
2、3必须在4的前面

5.删除

bool Delete(LinkList& L)	//删除
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList n = L;
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if (L->next == L->prior) {
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return false;
	}
	if ((i <= 0 ) || (i > L->data)) {
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return false;
	}
	while (i--)
		n = n->next;
	n->prior->next = n->next;
	n->next->prior = n->prior;
	free(n);
	L->data--;
	return true;
}

示意图:
初始
删除

三、代码实现

#include "stdio.h"
#include"stdlib.h"	//循环双链表

typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct DNode{
	ElemType data;
	struct DNode* next, * prior;
}DNode,*LinkList;

void Initial(LinkList& L) {	//初始化
	L = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
	if (L)
	{
		L->next = L;
		L->prior = L;
		L->data = 0;
		printf("Initialization succeeded!\n");
	}
	else
		printf("Error:Insufficient memory!\n");
}

DNode* GetElem(LinkList L)	//按序查找
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList p = L;
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if ((i <= 0) || (i > L->data))
	{
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	while (i--)
		p = p->next;
	if (p)
		return p;
	printf("Error:error in linked list\n");
	return NULL;
}

DNode* LocateElem(LinkList L) //按值查找
{
	int value = 0;
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	LinkList p = L->next;
	printf("Please enter the value:");
	scanf_s("%d", &value);
	while (p != L)
	{
		if (value == p->data)
		{
			printf("Success!\n");
			return p;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("Defeat:target value not found\n");
	return NULL;
}

bool Input(LinkList& L)	//插入
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList n = L;
	LinkList p = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
	if (!p) {
		printf("Error:Insufficient memory!\n");
		return false;
	}
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if ((i <= 0) || (i > L->data+1))
	{
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return false;
	}
	while (i--)
		n = n->next;
	printf("Please enter the value:");
	scanf_s("%d", &(p->data));
	p->next = n;
	p->prior = n->prior;
	n->prior->next = p;
	n->prior = p;
	L->data++;
	return true;
}

bool Delete(LinkList& L)	//删除
{
	int i = 0;
	LinkList n = L;
	printf("Please enter the number:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if (L->next == L->prior) {
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return false;
	}
	if ((i <= 0 ) || (i > L->data)) {
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return false;
	}
	while (i--)
		n = n->next;
	n->prior->next = n->next;
	n->next->prior = n->prior;
	free(n);
	L->data--;
	return true;
}

bool Output(LinkList& L)	//输出
{
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return false;
	}
	int i = 1;
	LinkList p = L->next;
	printf("[Table length]%d\n", L->data);
	while (p != L)
	{
		printf("[%d]%d\n", i++, p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
	return true;
}

bool Air(LinkList& L)	//清空
{
	if (L->next == L->prior)
	{
		printf("Error:Tabular void\n");
		return false;
	}
	LinkList p = L->next, i = NULL;
	while (p != L)
	{
		i = p;
		p = p->next;
		free(i);
	}
	L->data = 0;
	L->next = L;
	L->prior = L;
	return true;
}

bool Input_Continuously(LinkList& L) {	//连续写入
	int i = 0;
	LinkList n = L,p = NULL;
	printf("Please enter the number of inserts:");
	scanf_s("%d", &i);
	if (i <= 0) {
		printf("Error:lllegal serial number\n");
		return false;
	}
	while (i--)
	{
		p = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		if (!p) {
			printf("Error:Insufficient memory!\n");
			return false;
		}
		printf("Please enter the value:");
		scanf_s("%d", &(p->data));
		p->next = n;
		p->prior = n->prior;
		n->prior->next = p;
		n->prior = p;
		L->data++;
	}
	return true;
}

int main() {
	LinkList L = NULL;
	bool SWITCH = true;
	DNode* GetElem_value = NULL, * LocateElem_value = NULL;
	bool (*f)(LinkList & L) = NULL;
	int CHOOSE = 0;
	Initial(L);
	do
	{
		printf("Operate:\n1.连续插入\t2.插入\t3.删除\t4.输出\t5.清空\t6.按序查找\t7.按值查找\t8.退出\n");
		scanf_s("%d", &CHOOSE);
		switch (CHOOSE)
		{
		case 1:
			f = Input_Continuously;
			break;
		case 2:
			f = Input;
			break;
		case 3:
			f = Delete;
			break;
		case 4:
			f = Output;
			break;
		case 5:
			f = Air;
			break;
		case 6:
			f = NULL;
			if(GetElem_value = GetElem(L))
				printf("The value is %d\n", GetElem_value->data);
			break;
		case 7:
			f = NULL;
			if(LocateElem_value = LocateElem(L))
				printf("The value is %d\n", LocateElem_value->data);
			break;
		case 8:
			SWITCH = false;
			break;
		default:
			printf("Operate not found\n");
			break;
		}
		if (f)
		{
			if (f(L))
				printf("Successful execution!\n");
			else
				printf("Execution failed!\n");
		}
	} while (SWITCH);
	return 0;
}

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