3、代码实现(Python)
(1)机器学习库(sklearn.linear_model)
代码:
from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#用于作图
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif’] = [‘SimHei’]
mpl.rcParams[‘axes.unicode_minus’] = False
import numpy as np#用于创建向量
reg=linear_model.LinearRegression(fit_intercept=True,normalize=False)
x=[[32.50235],[53.4268],[61.53036],[47.47564],[59.81321],[55.14219],[52.14219],[39.29957],
[48.10504],[52.55001],[45.41873],[54.35163],[44.16405],[58.16847],[56.72721]]
y=[31.70701,68.7776,62.56238,71.54663,87.23093,78.21152,79.64197,59.17149,75.33124,71.30088,55.16568,82.47885,62.00892
,75.39287,81.43619]
reg.fit(x,y)
k=reg.coef_#获取斜率w1,w2,w3,…,wn
b=reg.intercept_#获取截距w0
x0=np.arange(30,60,0.2)
y0=k*x0+b
print(“k={0},b={1}”.format(k,b))
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.plot(x0,y0,label=‘LinearRegression’)
plt.xlabel(‘X’)
plt.ylabel(‘Y’)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
结果:
k=[1.36695374],b=0.13079331831460195
(2)Python详细实现(方法1)
代码:
#方法1
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif’] = [‘SimHei’]
mpl.rcParams[‘axes.unicode_minus’] = False
#数据生成
data = []
for i in range(100):
x = np.random.uniform(3., 12.)
mean=0, std=1
eps = np.random.normal(0., 1)
y = 1.677 * x + 0.039 + eps
data.append([x, y])
data = np.array(data)
#统计误差
y = wx + b
def compute_error_for_line_given_points(b, w, points):
totalError = 0
for i in range(0, len(points)):
x = points[i, 0]
y = points[i, 1]
computer mean-squared-error
totalError += (y - (w * x + b)) ** 2
average loss for each point
return totalError / float(len(points))
#计算梯度
def step_gradient(b_current, w_current, points, learningRate):
b_gradient = 0
w_gradient = 0
N = float(len(points))
for i in range(0, len(points)):
x = points[i, 0]
y = points[i, 1]
grad_b = 2(wx+b-y)
b_gradient += (2/N) * ((w_current * x + b_current) - y)
grad_w = 2(wx+b-y)*x
w_gradient += (2/N) * x * ((w_current * x + b_current) - y)
update w’
new_b = b_current - (learningRate * b_gradient)
new_w = w_current - (learningRate * w_gradient)
return [new_b, new_w]
#迭代更新
def gradient_descent_runner(points, starting_b, starting_w, learning_rate, num_iterations):
b = starting_b
w = starting_w
update for several times
for i in range(num_iterations):
b, w = step_gradient(b, w, np.array(points), learning_rate)
return [b, w]
def main():
learning_rate = 0.0001
initial_b = 0 # initial y-intercept guess
initial_w = 0 # initial slope guess
num_iterations = 1000
print(“迭代前 b = {0}, w = {1}, error = {2}”
.format(initial_b, initial_w,
compute_error_for_line_given_points(initial_b, initial_w, data))
)
print(“Running…”)
[b, w] = gradient_descent_runner(data, initial_b, initial_w, learning_rate, num_iterations)
print(“第 {0} 次迭代结果 b = {1}, w = {2}, error = {3}”.
format(num_iterations, b, w,
compute_error_for_line_given_points(b, w, data))
)
plt.plot(data[:,0],data[:,1], color=‘b’, marker=‘+’, linestyle=‘–’,label=‘true’)
plt.plot(data[:,0],w*data[:,0]+b,color=‘r’,label=‘predict’)
plt.xlabel(‘X’)
plt.ylabel(‘Y’)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
if name == ‘main’:
main()
结果:
迭代前 b = 0, w = 0, error = 186.61000821356697
Running…
第 1000 次迭代结果 b = 0.20558501549252192, w = 1.6589067569038516, error = 0.9963685680112963
(3)Python详细实现(方法2)
代码:
#方法2
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.rcParams[“font.sans-serif”]=[“SimHei”]
mpl.rcParams[“axes.unicode_minus”]=False
y = wx + b
#Import data
file=pd.read_csv(“data.csv”)
def compute_error_for_line_given(b, w):
totalError = np.sum((file[‘y’]-(w*file[‘x’]+b))**2)
return np.mean(totalError)
def step_gradient(b_current, w_current, learningRate):
b_gradient = 0
w_gradient = 0
N = float(len(file[‘x’]))
for i in range (0,len(file[‘x’])):
grad_b = 2(wx+b-y)
b_gradient += (2 / N) * ((w_current * file[‘x’] + b_current) - file[‘y’])
grad_w = 2(wx+b-y)*x
w_gradient += (2 / N) * file[‘x’] * ((w_current * file[‘x’] + b_current) - file[‘x’])
update w’
new_b = b_current - (learningRate * b_gradient)
new_w = w_current - (learningRate * w_gradient)
return [new_b, new_w]
def gradient_descent_runner( starting_b, starting_w, learning_rate, num_iterations):
b = starting_b
w = starting_w
update for several times
for i in range(num_iterations):
b, w = step_gradient(b, w, learning_rate)
return [b, w]
def main():
learning_rate = 0.0001
initial_b = 0 # initial y-intercept guess
initial_w = 0 # initial slope guess
num_iterations = 100
print(“Starting gradient descent at b = {0}, w = {1}, error = {2}”
.format(initial_b, initial_w,
compute_error_for_line_given(initial_b, initial_w))
)
print(“Running…”)
[b, w] = gradient_descent_runner(initial_b, initial_w, learning_rate, num_iterations)
print(“After {0} iterations b = {1}, w = {2}, error = {3}”.
format(num_iterations, b, w,
compute_error_for_line_given(b, w))
)
plt.plot(file[‘x’],file[‘y’],‘ro’,label=‘线性回归’)
plt.xlabel(‘X’)
plt.ylabel(‘Y’)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
if name == ‘main’:
main()
结果:
Starting gradient descent at b = 0, w = 0, error = 75104.71822821398
Running…
After 100 iterations b = 0 0.014845
1 0.325621
2 0.036883
3 0.502265
4 0.564917
5 0.479366
6 0.568968
7 0.422619
8 0.565073
9 0.393907
10 0.216854
11 0.580750
12 0.379350
13 0.361574
14 0.511651
dtype: float64, w = 0 0.999520
1 0.994006
2 0.999405
3 0.989645
4 0.990683
5 0.991444
6 0.989282
7 0.989573
8 0.988498
9 0.992633
10 0.995329
11 0.989490
12 0.991617
13 0.993872
14 0.991116
dtype: float64, error = 6451.5510231710905
数据:
(4)Python详细实现(方法3)
#方法3
import numpy as np
points = np.genfromtxt(“data.csv”, delimiter=“,”)
#从数据读入到返回需要两个迭代循环,第一个迭代将文件中每一行转化为一个字符串序列,
#第二个循环迭代对每个字符串序列指定合适的数据类型:
y = wx + b
def compute_error_for_line_given_points(b, w, points):
totalError = 0
for i in range(0, len(points)):
x = points[i, 0]
y = points[i, 1]
computer mean-squared-error
totalError += (y - (w * x + b)) ** 2
average loss for each point
return totalError / float(len(points))
def step_gradient(b_current, w_current, points, learningRate):
b_gradient = 0
w_gradient = 0
N = float(len(points))
for i in range(0, len(points)):
x = points[i, 0]
y = points[i, 1]
grad_b = 2(wx+b-y)
b_gradient += (2 / N) * ((w_current * x + b_current) - y)
grad_w = 2(wx+b-y)*x
w_gradient += (2 / N) * x * ((w_current * x + b_current) - y)
update w’
new_b = b_current - (learningRate * b_gradient)
new_w = w_current - (learningRate * w_gradient)
return [new_b, new_w]
def gradient_descent_runner(points, starting_b, starting_w, learning_rate, num_iterations):
b = starting_b
w = starting_w
update for several times
for i in range(num_iterations):
b, w = step_gradient(b, w, np.array(points), learning_rate)
return [b, w]
def main():
learning_rate = 0.0001
initial_b = 0 # initial y-intercept guess
initial_w = 0 # initial slope guess
num_iterations = 1000
print(“Starting gradient descent at b = {0}, w = {1}, error = {2}”
.format(initial_b, initial_w,
compute_error_for_line_given_points(initial_b, initial_w, points))
)
print(“Running…”)
[b, w] = gradient_descent_runner(points, initial_b, initial_w, learning_rate, num_iterations)
print(“After {0} iterations b = {1}, w = {2}, error = {3}”.
format(num_iterations, b, w,
compute_error_for_line_given_points(b, w, points))
)
if name == ‘main’:
main()
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