2024年最全python入门之python开发笔记基本数据类型集合(1)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-27 10:11:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-27 10:11:28 发布

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a = {1,2,3}

b = {2,3,4,5}

print(a.symmetric_difference(b))

print(a^b)

包含关系

in,not in：判断某元素是否在集合内

＝＝,！＝:判断两个集合是否相等

两个集合之间一般有三种关系，相交、包含、不相交。在Python中分别用下面的方法判断：

set.isdisjoint(s)：判断两个集合是不是不相交
set.issuperset(s)：判断集合是不是包含其他集合，等同于a>=b
set.issubset(s)：判断集合是不是被其他集合包含，等同于a<=b

集合的常用操作

元素的增加

单个元素的增加 : add()，add的作用类似列表中的append

对序列的增加 : update()，而update类似extend方法，update方法可以支持同时传入多个参数：

a={1,2}

a.update([3,4],[1,2,7])

a

{1, 2, 3, 4, 7}

a.update(“hello”)

a

{1, 2, 3, 4, 7, ‘h’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘o’}

a.add(“hello”)

a

{1, 2, 3, 4, ‘hello’, 7, ‘h’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘o’}

元素的删除

集合删除单个元素有两种方法：

元素不在原集合中时：

set.discard(x)不会抛出异常

set.remove(x)会抛出KeyError错误

a={1,2,3,4}

a.discard(1)

a

{2, 3, 4}

a.discard(1)

a

{2, 3, 4}

a.remove(1)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “”, line 1, in

KeyError: 1

pop()：由于集合是无序的，pop返回的结果不能确定，且当集合为空时调用pop会抛出KeyError错误，

clear():清空集合

a={3,“a”,2.1,1}

a.pop()

a.clear()

a

set()

a.pop()

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “”, line 1, in

KeyError: ‘pop from an empty set’

集合的工厂函数

class set(object):

“”"

set() -> new empty set object

set(iterable) -> new set object

Build an unordered collection of unique elements.

“”"

def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

Add an element to a set.

This has no effect if the element is already present.

“”"

pass

def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Remove all elements from this set. “”"

pass

def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Return a shallow copy of a set. “”"

pass

def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1-s2

Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)

“”"

pass

def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Remove all elements of another set from this set. “”"

pass

def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

与remove功能相同，删除元素不存在时不会抛出异常

Remove an element from a set if it is a member.

If the element is not a member, do nothing.

“”"

pass

def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1&s2

Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)

“”"

pass

def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. “”"

pass

def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Return True if two sets have a null intersection. “”"

pass

def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1<=s2

Report whether another set contains this set. “”"

pass

def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1>=s2

Report whether this set contains another set. “”"

pass

def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

Remove and return an arbitrary set element.

Raises KeyError if the set is empty.

“”"

pass

def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.

If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.

“”"

pass

def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1^s2

Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)

“”"

pass

def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”" Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. “”"

pass

def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

“”"

相当于s1|s2

Return the union of sets as a new set.

最后

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