2024年鸿蒙最新学习HarmonyOS这么久，你有代码积累吗？_鸿蒙 preferences(1)，头条面试HarmonyOS鸿蒙

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 20:27:32 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 20:27:32 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_84871020/article/details/138639616

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需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取

StringUtil.ets：

/**

判断字符串是否为空
@param str 字符串
@returns 判断结果
*/
export function isBlank(str: string): boolean {
return (null == str) || (undefined == str) || (str.trim() === “”);
}

使用示例：

// 引入工具类方法
import { isBlank } from ‘…/utils/StringUtil’;

let result = “hello”;
// 使用方法
this.message = isBlank(result) ? ‘没有数据’ : result;

2 Logger

日志管理对于追踪问题和优化应用至关重要。Logger工具类对HarmonyOS的hilog进行了扩展，提供了格式化日志的打印功能。这使得日志信息更加清晰、易于阅读，同时也便于后期的日志分析。

Logger.ets:

import hilog from ‘@ohos.hilog’;

export class Logger {
private domain: number;
private prefix: string;
private format: string = %{public}s, %{public}s;

constructor(prefix: string) {
this.prefix = prefix;
this.domain = 0xFF00;
}

debug(…args: string[]) {
hilog.debug(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args);
}

info(…args: string[]) {
hilog.info(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args);
}

warn(…args: string[]) {
hilog.warn(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args);
}

error(…args: string[]) {
hilog.error(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args);
}

fatal(…args: string[]) {
hilog.fatal(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args);
}

isLoggable(level: number) {
hilog.isLoggable(this.domain, this.prefix, level);
}
}

export default new Logger(‘[Logger]’);

使用示例：

import Logger from ‘…/utils/Logger’;

Logger.info(“TAG”, “使用Logger.info”));

3 DataPreferencesUtil

数据持久化是应用开发中不可或缺的一部分。DataPreferencesUtil工具类利用HarmonyOS的dataPreferences功能，提供了一套简洁的API来保存和读取用户偏好设置。

DataPreferencesUtil.ets：

import Logger from ‘…/utils/Logger’;
import common from ‘@ohos.app.ability.common’;
import dataPreferences from ‘@ohos.data.preferences’;
import { BusinessError } from ‘@ohos.base’;

const TAG = ‘[DataPreferencesUtil]’;
let preferences: dataPreferences.Preferences | null = null;

export class DataPreferencesUtil {
// The preferences file name
private dataPreferencesName = ‘myStore’;

/**

构造函数
@param context 上下文
*/
constructor(context: common.UIAbilityContext) {
try {
let options: dataPreferences.Options = { name: this.dataPreferencesName };
preferences = dataPreferences.getPreferencesSync(context, options);

} catch (err) {
let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
console.error(Failed to get preferences. Code:${code},message:${message});
}

}

/**

保存数据
@param key 键
@param value 值
@returns
*/
saveData(key: string, value: string): boolean {
try {
preferences?.putSync(key, value);
preferences?.flush();
return true;
} catch (err) {
let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
Logger.error(TAG, Failed to check the key 'startup'. Code:${code}, message:${message});
return false;
}
}

/**

获取数据
@param key 键
@returns 值，可能为null或""
*/
getDate(key: string): string {
try {
let val = preferences?.getSync(key, null) as string;
Logger.info(TAG, Succeeded in getting value of 'startup'. val: ${val}.);
return val;
} catch (err) {
let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
Logger.error(TAG, Failed to get value of 'startup'. Code:${code}, message:${message});
return “”;
}
}
}

使用示例：

import Logger from ‘…/utils/Logger’;
import common from ‘@ohos.app.ability.common’;
import { BusinessError } from ‘@ohos.base’;
import { isBlank } from ‘…/utils/StringUtil’;
import { DataPreferencesUtil } from ‘…/utils/DataPreferencesUtil’;

const TAG = ‘[DataPreferencesPage]’;

@Entry
@Component
struct DataPreferencesPage {
@State message: string = ‘Hello World’
// ets文件中获取上下文
private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
dataPreferences: DataPreferencesUtil = new DataPreferencesUtil(this.context);

onPageShow(): void {
try {
let result = this.dataPreferences.getDate(“Key”);

this.message = isBlank(result) ? ‘没有数据’ : result;
Logger.info(TAG, "message: " + this.message);
} catch (err) {
let code = (err as BusinessError).code;
let message = (err as BusinessError).message;
console.error(Failed to get preferences. Code:${code},message:${message});
}
}

build() {

Row() {
Column({ space: 12 }) {

Text(this.message)

Button(‘isBlank’).onClick(() => {

Logger.info(TAG, “isBlank(): " + isBlank(”"));
Logger.info(TAG, “isBlank(): " + isBlank(” "));
})

Button(‘保存数据’).onClick(() => {
let result = this.dataPreferences.saveData(“Key”, “hello”);
Logger.info(TAG, "saveData result: " + result);
})

Button(‘获取数据’).onClick(() => {
let result = this.dataPreferences.getDate(“Key”);
Logger.info(TAG, "getDate result: " + result);
this.message = result;
})
}
.width(‘100%’)
}
.height(‘100%’)
}
}

4 PhotoPickerUtil

在HarmonyOS应用中，用户经常需要从相册中选择图片。PhotoPickerUtil工具类封装了ohos.file.picker的相关操作，使得从相册中选择照片变得简单快捷。

PhotoPickerUtil.ets：

import picker from ‘@ohos.file.picker’;
import Logger from ‘…/utils/Logger’;
import { BusinessError } from ‘@ohos.base’

const TAG = ‘[PhotoPickerUtil]’;

/**

从相册中获取图片路径
@param callback，通过回调返回
*/
export function getPhotoPath(callback: Function) {
const photoSelectOptions = new picker.PhotoSelectOptions();

photoSelectOptions.MIMEType = picker.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE; // 过滤选择媒体文件类型为IMAGE
photoSelectOptions.maxSelectNumber = 5; // 选择媒体文件的最大数目

const photoViewPicker = new picker.PhotoViewPicker();
photoViewPicker.select(photoSelectOptions).then((photoSelectResult) => {
let filePath = photoSelectResult.photoUris[0];

Logger.info(TAG, filePath: ${filePath});

// 通过回调返回 filePath
if (callback && typeof callback === ‘function’) {
callback(null, filePath); // 第一个参数为错误对象，为 null 表示没有错误
}

}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
// 通过回调返回错误信息
if (callback && typeof callback === ‘function’) {
// 第二个参数为返回的数据，为 null 表示没有数据
callback(err, null);
}

Logger.error(TAG, Invoke photoViewPicker.select failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message});
})
}

使用示例：

import picker from ‘@ohos.file.picker’;
import Logger from ‘…/utils/Logger’;
import { getPhotoPath } from ‘…/utils/PhotoPickerUtil’
import {BusinessError} from ‘@ohos.base’;

const TAG = ‘[PhotoViewPickerPage]’;

@Entry
@Component
struct PhotoViewPickerPage {
@State message: string = ‘Hello World’
@State imagePath: string = ‘’

getSelectedPhotoPath() {
const photoSelectOptions = new picker.PhotoSelectOptions();

photoSelectOptions.MIMEType = picker.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE; // 过滤选择媒体文件类型为IMAGE
photoSelectOptions.maxSelectNumber = 5; // 选择媒体文件的最大数目

const photoViewPicker = new picker.PhotoViewPicker();
photoViewPicker.select(photoSelectOptions).then((photoSelectResult) => {

深知大多数程序员，想要提升技能，往往是自己摸索成长，但自己不成体系的自学效果低效又漫长，而且极易碰到天花板技术停滞不前！