2.网络保存netSaveImpl implements Save 接口
文件保存fileSaveImpl implements Save
(就是说:行为实现行为)
当小明需要调用网络保存的时候就new netSaveImpl()
package com.test.testjva.save;
public abstract class Person {
private Save save;
public Person(String name){
}
public void setSave(Save save){
this.save = save;
}
public void Save(){
save.save();
}
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
public class Xiaobai extends Person{
public Xiaobai(){
super("小白");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
public class XiaoHei extends Person {
public XiaoHei(){
super("小黑");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
import java.io.File;
public interface Save {
void save();
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
import java.io.File;
public class SaveToFileImpl implements Save {
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存到文件");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
import java.io.File;
public class SaveToNetImpl implements Save {
@Override
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存到网络");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.save;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Xiaobai();
person.setSave(new SaveToFileImpl());
person.Save();
Person person2 = new XiaoHei();
person2.setSave(new SaveToNetImpl());
person2.Save();
}
}
2.Object类
1.在实体类中重写toString
public class person{
public String toString(){
return "111";
}
}
那么直接打印new Person()那么返回就不是一个person@euoj338488 返回的就是111了。就是表示这个类是干嘛的
2.package com.test.testjva.save;
public class Xiaobai extends Person{
//重写Ovject类的equsal方法来实现对象的比较
public boolean equals(Object obj){
if(obj == null) return false;
if(this.getClass()!=obj.getClass())return false;
Xiaobai xiaobai = (Xiaobai) obj;
return true;
}
重写之后调用equals就相等了,不重写的情况下他们是不可能相等的。因为new了两份堆内存。地址不同
Xiaobai xiaobai = new Xiaobai();
Xiaobai xiaobai2 = new Xiaobai();
System.out.println(xiaobai.equals(xiaobai2));
}
3.简单工厂设计模式
package com.test.testjva.factory;
public interface Work {
void working();
}
package com.test.testjva.factory;
public class TclPhone implements Work{
@Override
public void working() {
System.out.println("手机工作");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.factory;
public class TclTv implements Work{
@Override
public void working() {
System.out.println("电视工作");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.factory;
//工厂类
public class Factory {
public static Work getWork(int i){
switch (i) {
case 1:
return new TclPhone();
case 2:
return new TclTv();
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
}
package com.test.testjva.factory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//这样写调用者就会依赖被调用者,如果被调用者(TclPhone删除了,或者改变了,使用者将会受到影响)
/*TclPhone phone = new TclPhone();
phone.working();*/
//可以采用工厂模式
Work w = Factory.getWork(1);
w.working();
}
}
4.静态代理模式
package com.test.testjva.proxy;
public interface SubJect {
void Shopping();
}
package com.test.testjva.proxy;
//我需要找代理,给老婆买进口产品(我是被代理人)
public class My implements SubJect{
@Override
public void Shopping() {
System.out.println("给老婆买进口化妆品");//直奔主题,不用考虑是否是正品,因为代理人已经做好了
}
}
package com.test.testjva.proxy;
//代理人
public class Proxy implements SubJect{
private SubJect mSubJect;
//代理人
public Proxy(SubJect subJect){
this.mSubJect = subJect;
}
@Override
public void Shopping() {
System.out.println("我是代理人,我要为被代理人(顾客)选着好东西的质量,为客户买东西之前做一些准备工作");
mSubJect.Shopping();
System.out.println("我是代理人,为顾客买好东西了之后,做个回访,做一个客户调查");
}
}
package com.test.testjva.proxy;
public class ProxyTest {
//代理设计模式的目的
//让自己直接去做关键的事情,比如购物,自己直接购物,
//如果自己要买进口产品,自己买的话,需要评估进口产品好不好,渠道什么,如果有了代理人,那么就不用考虑这么多,直接买就可以了,代理人会帮你处理好
public static void main(String[] args) {
My my = new My();
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(my);//把客户拉进来,我作为你的代理人
proxy.Shopping();//我帮你买东西
}
}
5.内部类的使用
1.public class A{
static class B
}
使用:
A.B ab = new A.B();
6.递归算法
例如:5的阶层:=5x4x3x2x1;
用递归:
public int getJieCheng(int num){
if(num==1)return 1;
return num*getJieCheng(num-1);
}
注意:递归必须要有出口,递归过多会造成栈内存溢出
好处:简写了我们的代码
建议:要少用
普通写法:
public void jiecheng(int num){
int sum = num;
int i = sum-1;
do{
sum = sum*!;
i--;
}while(i>1)
return sum;
}
7.链表数据结构实现
package com.test.testjva.node;
public class Node {
private String name;
private Node next;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Node getNext() {
return next;
}
public void setNext(Node next) {
this.next = next;
}
public Node(String name ){
this.name = name;
}
public void add(String name){
if(this.next == null) {
this.next = new Node(name);
} else {
this.next.add(name);//递归
}
}
public void delete(String name){
if(this.next!=null) {
if(this.next.name.equals(name)) {
this.next = next.next;
} else {
this.next.delete(name);
}
}
}
}
package com.test.testjva.node;
public class NodeManager {
private Node root;
public void addNode(String name){
if(root == null) {
root = new Node(name);
} else {
root.add(name);
}
}
public void deleteNode(String name ){
if(root.getName().equals(name)) {
root = root.getNext();
}else {
root.delete(name);
}
}
}
8.小结
Integer i = 10;//装箱 int ii = i.intValue();
int num = i+num;
Integer : 把一个字节内的整数缓存在整数常量池中 ,这样可以避免不断创建细粒度的对象 ,造成对内存的消耗
oo原则:
1.开闭原则
一个软件的实体如类,模块,函数,应该对扩展开放,对修改关闭
2.合成,聚合复用原则
新对象的某些功能已经创建好的对象已实现,那么不要重复造轮子
3.依赖倒置
高层模块不应该依赖底层模块,二者都应该依赖其抽象,抽象不应该依赖细节,细节应该依赖抽象
4.接口隔离
客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口,一个类对另一个类的依赖应该建立在最小的接口上
5.迪米特法则
一个对象 应该对其他对象保持最少额了解
6.里氏替换原则
所有引用基类的地方必须能透明的使用其子类对象
7.单一职责原则
不要存在多余一个导致类变更的原因,即一个类只负责一个职责
9.异常处理
try {
//平级关系无所谓,非平级,如果是大小关系,只写一个大的就好,直接写一个Exception e偶尔也是可以的
} catch (ArithmeticException | NullPointerException e) {
}
try{
}cache(Exception e){//偶尔可以简单这样处理
}
try{
}cache(AException | BException b ){//AB平级时都适用,不是平级,只写一个大的就好了
}
受检异常:extends exception 编译期必须要用try catch包含代码
非受检异常:extends runtimeException
自定义异常:
package com.test.testjva.error;
public class MyException extends Exception{
private String message;
public MyException(String message){
super();
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return message;
}
}
package com.test.testjva.error;
public class UserRequest {
public static boolean login(String admin,String ps) throws MyException{
if(!admin.equals("admin")) {
throw new MyException("用户名错误");
}
if(!ps.equals("111")) {
throw new MyException("密码错误");
}
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
login("1", "111");
} catch (MyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("用户名或者密码错误");
}
}
}
调试:
f5:进入方法中
f6:进入下一行
f7:退出调试
10.StringBuffer
不要用“+”进行字符串连接,很消耗内存,建议使用StringBuffer
package com.test.testjva.StringBuffer;//同步
public class StringBufferDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//这种写法效率非常低
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(“nihao”+i);
}
//StringBuffer,比上面节省内存,2倍+2 = 新的容量扩充
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(26);//可以给他一个容量,避免它扩充
for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
sb.append(i);
}
System.out.println(sb);
System.out.println(sb.length());
System.out.println(sb.capacity());
}
}
StringBuffer 同步:我在用,你就得等(比如公司用微波炉);效率慢,安全
StringBuilder 不同步:并行一起用;效率高,不安全
11.程序国际化
package com.test.testjva.StringBuffer.Local;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
public class LocaleDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
Locale locale = Locale.CHINA;
Locale locale2 = new Locale("en", "US");
ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.test.testjva.StringBuffer.Local.info",locale2);
System.out.println(rb.getString("input.username"));
String username = input.next();
System.out.println(rb.getString("input.password"));
String ps = input.next();
if(username.equals("1") && ps.equals("1")){
String info= MessageFormat.format(rb.getString("info"), username);
System.out.println(info);
}
}
}
创建文件info_en_US.properties
input.username=input username
input.password=input.password
info= {0}login success
创建文件info_zh_CN.properties
input.username=请输入用户名
input.username=请输入密码
info=登录成功
12.Math,Random,Arrays工具类
四舍五入:
Math.round(3.22222*100)/100.00
二分查找法(又称:折半查找),必须保证数组是排序的算法
优点:
又称折半查找,优点是比较次数少,查找速度快,平均性能好;缺点:
要求待查表为有序表,且插入删除困难,因此折半查找适用于不经常变动而查找频繁的有序列表
package com.test.testjva.utils;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Utils {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int [] a = {11,22,3,4,4,};
int[] b = Arrays.copyOf(a, 10);
Arrays.sort(a);
int index=Arrays.binarySearch(a, 22);//必须要求数组是有序的,高效查找
System.out.println("inxex=="+index);
for (int i: a) {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
//实现:
package com.test.testjva.utils;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class BanrySearchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int nums[] = {22,444,44,645,77765,78,2};
Arrays.sort(nums);//先排序
int index = binarySearch(nums, 78);
System.out.println("index=="+index);
}
//二分查找算法
// 查找速度快,要求必须要排序
public static int binarySearch(int [] nums,int key){
int star = 0;
int end = nums.length - 1;
int mid = -1;
while(star<=end) {
mid = (star+end)/2;
if(nums[mid] == key) {
return mid;
} else if(nums[mid] < key) {
star = mid+1;
} else if(nums[mid] > key){
end = mid -1;
}
}
return -1;
}
}
13.日期操作类
package com.test.testjva.utils;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
public class DateUtils {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar cr = Calendar.getInstance();
Calendar cr2 = new GregorianCalendar();
int year = cr.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int month = cr.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int day = cr.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
int dayw = cr.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
int dayh = cr.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
int dayhm = cr.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
int dayhs = cr.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);
System.out.println("=="+year + month+day+"星期"+dayw+"shijian"+dayh+":"+dayhm+":"+dayhs);
DateFormat df= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd HH:mm:ss SSS");
System.out.println(df.format(new Date()));
System.currentTimeMillis();//当前系统时间
}
}
14.对象比较器
package com.test.testjva.compare;
public class Cat implements Comparable<Cat> {
private String name;
private int age;
public Cat() {
}
public Cat(String name, int age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Cat [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
// 通过此方法对对象排序
public int compareTo(Cat o) {
if (age < o.age) {
return -1;
} else if (age > o.age) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
}
package com.test.testjva.compare;
public class Dog {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public Dog(String name, int age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
package com.test.testjva.compare;
import java.util.Comparator;
public class DogComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
if(o1.getAge() < o2.getAge()) {
return -1;
} else if(o1.getAge() > o2.getAge()) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
}
package com.test.testjva.compare;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class CompareDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cat[] cats = {new Cat("tom", 1),
new Cat("mory", 2),
new Cat("jer", 5),};
Arrays.sort(cats);
for (Cat cat : cats) {
System.out.println(cat);
}
Dog[] dogs = {new Dog("tom", 1),
new Dog("mory", 2),
new Dog("jer", 5),};
Arrays.sort(dogs,new DogComparator());
for (Dog cat : dogs) {
System.out.println(cat);
}
}
}
15.对象克隆
package com.test.testjva.utils;
public class Dog implements Cloneable {//这个类具有克隆的功能了
private String name;
private int age;
public Dog(String name, int age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
//重写object中的clone方法
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
package com.test.testjva.utils;
public class CloneDemo {
private static Dog dog1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog("sack", 2);
System.out.println("dog"+dog);
try {
dog1 = (Dog) dog.clone(); //用的非常少,在你突然要创建100个对象的情况,它比你new 100个dog的效率要高
System.out.println("dog1"+dog1);
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//方法1
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
dog = new Dog("sack", 2);
}
//方法2
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
try {
dog1 = (Dog) dog1.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//方法2比方法1效率高,
System.out.println(dog == dog1);
}
}
16.数据结构二叉树
package com.test.testjva.binaryTree;
public class BinaryTreeDemo {
private Node root;
public void addNode(int data) {
if (root == null) {
root = new Node(data);
} else {
root.add(data);
}
}
public void printNode() {
if(root != null) {
root.print();
}
}
class Node {
private int data;
private Node left;
private Node right;
//中序遍历,左根右
public void print(){
if(this.left != null) {
this.left.print();
}
System.out.print(this.data+"-->");
if(this.right != null) {
this.right.print();
}
}
public Node(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
public void add(int data) {
if (this.data > data) {
if (this.left == null) {
left = new Node(data);
} else {
left.add(data);
}
} else if (this.data <= data) {
if (this.right == null) {
this.right = new Node(data);
} else {
this.right.add(data);
}
}
}
}
}
package com.test.testjva.binaryTree;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BinaryTreeDemo bd= new BinaryTreeDemo();
bd.addNode(8);
bd.addNode(3);
bd.addNode(10);
bd.addNode(1);
bd.addNode(6);
bd.addNode(14);
bd.addNode(4);
bd.addNode(7);
bd.addNode(13);
bd.printNode();
}
}
17.file(文件)使用
package com.test.testjva.IO;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class FileDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
findFile(new File("d:"+File.separator+"abc"), ".txt");
testFile();
}
//在java中文件夹也是file
public static void testFile(){
File file = new File("d:"+File.separator+"a.txt");//File.separator代表不同操作系统给的/
//如果不存在这个文件
if(!file.exists()) {
try {
boolean success = file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
}
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
long lastTime = file.lastModified();
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String lastTimes = df.format(new Date(lastTime));
long fileLength = file.length();
System.out.println(lastTimes);
System.out.println("文件长度"+fileLength);
System.out.println("文件长度"+file.isDirectory());//是否是目录、
File f2 = new File("d:"+File.separator+"abc");
if(!f2.exists()) {
f2.mkdir();
}
String fs[]= f2.list();
for (String string : fs) {
System.out.println("文件名称"+string);
}
File files[] = f2.listFiles();
for (File file2 : files) {
System.out.println(file2.getAbsolutePath());
}
System.out.println(f2.delete());
}
public static void findFile(File filePath,String file){
if(filePath!=null) {
if(filePath.isDirectory()) {
File fs[] = filePath.listFiles();
for (File file2 : fs) {
findFile(file2, file);
}
} else {
String path = filePath.getAbsolutePath();
if(path.endsWith(".txt")) {
System.out.println("find"+path);
}
}
}
}
}
18.byteSteam字节流和CharacterStream字符流
package com.test.testjva.IO;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
//字节流
public class ByteStream {
private static OutputStream mOutputStream;
private static InputStream mInputStream;
public static void main(String[] args) {
File f = new File("d:"+File.separator+"bytes.txt");
write(f);
read(f);
}
//字节输出流,从程序向硬盘文件输出数据
public static void write(File f){
if(f.exists()) {
try {
//针对文件创建一个输出流FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append)这个是追加,不写是默认覆盖上一次的数据
mOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(f,true);//直接写入到文件中
String info = "你好";
//写入数据
mOutputStream.write(info.getBytes());
//关闭
mOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
try {
f.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void read(File f){
try {
mInputStream = new FileInputStream(f);
//读文件时,一个字节一个字节读太慢,一下全部读,太多。
byte[] by = new byte[1024*1024*10];//最大10m
int len = -1;//每次真实读取的长度,每次最大10m
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while((len = mInputStream.read(by)) != -1){
sb.append(new String(by,0,len));
}
mInputStream.close();
System.out.println(sb);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package com.test.testjva.IO;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
public class CharacterStream {
public static void write(File file){
try {
Writer out = new FileWriter(file,true);
String info = "字符流,你好";
out.write(info);//输出到缓存中
out.write("\r\n");//换行
out.flush();//刷新缓存(把缓存数据清空,并写入到文件中)
out.close();//关闭时会自动调用flush方法
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void read(File file){
try {
Reader in = new FileReader(file);
char[] cs = new char[2];//一个中文也是一个字符,一个英文也是一个字符
int len = -1;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while((len = in.read(cs))!=-1){
sb.append(new String(cs,0,len));
}
System.out.println(sb);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果操作 的是文本类型的文件,建议适用字符流
//如果操作的是非文本类型(如音频文件,视频,都是字节文件)建议适用字节流
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("d:"+File.separator+"character.txt");
write(file);
read(file);
}
}
字节流和字符流的区别:
1.字符流在out.write(info);//会先输出到缓存中,然后在out.close();//关闭时会自动调用flush方法来刷新缓存(把缓存数据清空,并写入到文件中)
2.字节流mOutputStream.write(info.getBytes());直接写入到文件中去