HttpClient使用详解-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_87288816/article/details/142427330

自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
设置连接超时的能力。
实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

三、使用方法

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

四、实例

package com.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HttpClientTest {

	@Test
	public void jUnitTest() {
		get();
	}

	/**
	 * HttpClient连接SSL
	 */
	public void ssl() {
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
		try {
			KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
			FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
			try {
				// 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore  
				trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
			} catch (CertificateException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				try {
					instream.close();
				} catch (Exception ignore) {
				}
			}
			// 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
			SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
			// 只允许使用TLSv1协议
			SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
					SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
			httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
			// 创建http请求(get方式)
			HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
			System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
			try {
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
				System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
				if (entity != null) {
					System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
					System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
					EntityUtils.consume(entity);
				}
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (httpclient != null) {
				try {
					httpclient.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求）
	 */
	public void postForm() {
		// 创建默认的httpClient实例.  
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		// 创建httppost  
		HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
		// 创建参数队列  
		List
  
  
   
    formparams = new ArrayList
   
   
    
    ();
		formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
		formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
		UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
		try {
			uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
			httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
			System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
			try {
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				if (entity != null) {
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
					System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
				}
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 关闭连接,释放资源  
			try {
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
	 */
	public void post() {
		// 创建默认的httpClient实例.  
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		// 创建httppost  
		HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
		// 创建参数队列  
		List
    
    
     
      formparams = new ArrayList
     
     
      
      ();
		formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
		UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
		try {
			uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
			httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
			System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
			try {
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				if (entity != null) {
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
					System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
					System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
				}
			} finally {
				response.close();
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 关闭连接,释放资源  
			try {
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 发送 get请求
	 */
	public void get() {
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		try {
			// 创建httpget.  
			HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
			System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
			// 执行get请求.  
			CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
			try {
				// 获取响应实体  
				HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
				System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
				// 打印响应状态  
				System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
				if (entity != null) {
					// 打印响应内容长度  
					System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());