MySQL————用户管理

原创于 2025-10-23 23:23:54 发布 · 312 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#mysql #数据库

1.用户

1.1 用户信息

MySQL中的用户都存储在系统数据库mysql的user表中

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user          | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root          | *826426064C0E94FC9E9D392F9F9732C30E355FF8 |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys     | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--可以通过desc user初步查看一下表结构

字段解释：

select * from user\G

host：表示这个用户可以从哪个主机登陆，如果是localhost，表示只能从本机登陆
user：用户名
authentication_string：用户密码通过password函数加密后的
*_priv：用户拥有的权限

1.2 用户创建

语法：

create user '用户名'@'登陆主机/ip' identified by '密码';

案例：

mysql> create user 'lin'@'localhost' identified by '12345678';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user          | host      | authentication_string                     |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root          | localhost | *********                                 |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys     | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| lin           | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

补充：

1.完成相关操作后，即可使用新账号和新密码进行登录。
2.备注：MySQL 密码设置报错处理

报错现象：由于 MySQL 自身认证等级较高，设置简单密码时可能触发报错，提示信息为：ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
解决方案：参考链接 https://blog.csdn.net/zhanaolu4821/article/details/93622812
查看密码要求：执行命令 SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';，可自行操作尝试。

3.新增用户注意事项：不要轻易添加允许从任意地址登录的用户。

1.3 删除用户

语法：

drop user '用户名'@'主机名';

案例：

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user          | host      | authentication_string                     |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root          | localhost | ********                                  |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys     | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| lin           | localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user lin; --尝试删除
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for 'lin'@'%' -- 直接给个用户名是不能删除的，它默认是%（表示所有地方可以登陆的用户）

mysql> drop user 'lin'@'localhost'; --删除用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

1.4 修改用户密码

语法：

自己改自己密码

set password=password('新的密码');

root用户修改指定用户的密码

set password for '用户名'@'主机名'=password('新的密码');

2.数据库的权限

MySQL数据库提供的权限列表：

2.1 给用户授权

刚创建的用户没有任何权限，需要给用户授权。

语法：

grant 权限列表 on 库.对象名 to '用户名'@'登陆位置' [identified by '密码'];

说明：

权限列表，多个权限用逗号分开

grant select on ...

grant select, delete, create on ....

grant all [privileges] on ... -- 表示赋予该用户在该对象上的所有权限

*.* : 代表本系统中的所有数据库的所有对象（表、视图、存储过程...）
库.* : 表示某个数据库中的所有数据对象（表，视图，存储过程等）
identified by：可选。如果用户存在，赋予权限的同时修改密码；如果该用户不存在，就是创建用户。

案例：

--使用root账号
--终端A
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| 57test             |
| bit_index          |
| ccdata_pro         |
| innodb_test        |
| musicserver        |
| myisam_test        |
| mysql              |
| order_sys          |
| performance_schema |
| scott              |
| sys                |
| test               |
| vod_system         |
+--------------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| account        |
| student        |
| user           |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

--给用户lin赋予test数据库下所有文件的select权限
mysql> grant select on test.* to 'lin'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


--使用whb账号
--终端B
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--暂停等root用户给whb赋完权之后，在查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               | --赋完权之后，就能看到新的表
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| account        |
| student        |
| user           |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from account;
+----+--------+---------+
| id | name   | blance  |
+----+--------+---------+
| 2  | 李四   | 321.00  |
| 3  | 王五   | 5432.00 |
| 4  | 赵六   | 543.90  |
| 5  | 赵六   | 543.90  |
+----+--------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--没有删除权限
mysql> delete from account;
ERROR 1142 (42000): DELETE command denied to user 'lin'@'localhost' for table
'account'

备注：特定用户现有查看权限
mysql> show grants for 'lin'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for lin@%                              |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'lin'@'%'               |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO 'lin'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'root'@'%';
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@%                                           |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意：如果发现赋权限后没有生效，执行如下指令
flush privileges;

2.2 回收权限

语法：

revoke 权限列表 on 库.对象名 from '用户名'@'登陆位置';

案例：

-- 回收lin对test数据库的所有权限
--root身份，终端A
mysql> revoke all on test.* from 'lin'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

--lin身份，终端B
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)