Java 回调 (Callback) 接口学习使用

1.什么是回调(Callback)？

回调函数，简称回调，是指通过函数参数传递到其他代码的某一块可执行代码的引用，这一设计允许了底层代码调用在高层定义的子程序。

 

简单来说：A 调用了 B 的 b()方法,那 b 方法如果包含对 A 中实现的逻辑的调用，这个过程就被称作回调。

 

2.Java 代码示例

package callback;
public class MQ {
    class Producer{        public void send(String msg, MsgStateCallback msgStateCallback) {            System.out.println("send msg :" + msg);            int ACK = 1;            if (ACK == 0){                msgStateCallback.succ();            }else {                msgStateCallback.fail();            }        }    }

    interface MsgStateCallback{        void succ();        void fail();    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {        MQ mq = new MQ();        Producer producer = mq.new Producer();        String msg = "my msg";        producer.send(msg, new MsgStateCallback() {            @Override            public void succ() {                System.out.println("消息发送成功");            }
            @Override            public void fail() {                System.out.println("消息发送失败");            }        });
    }}

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Java 回调的四种写法

1.反射

Java 的反射机制允许我们获取类的信息，其中包括类的方法。我们将以 Method 类型去获取回调函数，然后传递给请求函数。

package callback;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class InvokeCallback {
    class Request{        public void send(Class clazz, Method method) throws Exception {            Thread.sleep(3000);            System.out.println("收到响应");            method.invoke(clazz.newInstance());        }    }

    /**     * 记得加上static，如果不加上会找不到该类     */    static class CallBack{        public void processResponse(){            System.out.println("响应处理");        }    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchMethodException {        final InvokeCallback invokeCallback = new InvokeCallback();        final Request request = invokeCallback.new Request();        new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    request.send(CallBack.class, CallBack.class.getMethod("processResponse"));                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }).start();        System.out.println("请求发送完成");        Thread.sleep(1000 * 1000);    }}

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2.直接调用

将参数改成 Callback 示例

package callback;
public class DirectCallback {
    class Request{        public void send(InvokeCallback.CallBack callBack) throws Exception {            // 模拟等待响应            Thread.sleep(3000);            System.out.println("[Request]:收到响应");            callBack.processResponse();        }    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        DirectCallback directCallback = new DirectCallback();        final Request request = directCallback.new Request();        System.out.println("发送请求");        new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    request.send(new InvokeCallback.CallBack());                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }).start();        System.out.println("请求已经发送");        Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);    }
}

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3.接口调用

Callback 作为接口传入参数

Java 代码示例中就是接口调用方式！！！

package callback;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class InterfaceCallback {
    class Request{        public void send(ResponseCallback responseCallback) throws Exception {            Thread.sleep(3000);            responseCallback.processResponse();        }    }
    interface ResponseCallback{        void processResponse();    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        InterfaceCallback interfaceCallback = new InterfaceCallback();        final Request request = interfaceCallback.new Request();        System.out.println("发送请求");        new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                try {                    request.send(new ResponseCallback() {                        @Override                        public void processResponse() {                            System.out.println("收到响应");                        }                    });                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }).start();        System.out.println("请求已发送");        Thread.sleep(10000);    }

}

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4.Lambda 表达式

package callback;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class LambdaCallback {
    class Request{        public void send(ResponseCallback responseCallback) throws Exception {            Thread.sleep(3000);            responseCallback.processResponse();        }    }
    interface ResponseCallback{        void processResponse();    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        LambdaCallback lambdaCallback = new LambdaCallback();        Request request = lambdaCallback.new Request();        System.out.println("发送请求");        new Thread(() -> {            try {                request.send(() -> System.out.println("处理响应"));            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        } ).start();        System.out.println("请求已发送");    }
}

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参考博客：

https://juejin.im/post/6844904066129084429

http://gaocegege.com/Blog/java/java-callback