LateX的笔记

一.希腊字母

代码展示

**注意**：必须是反斜杠
$$
\delta, \lambda\\
\Delta, \Lambda\\
\Alpha\Beta\\
\phi, \varphi\\
\epsilon, \varepsilon\\
\pi
$$

执行结果

注意：必须是反斜杠
$$\begin{gathered} \delta ,\lambda \\ \Delta ,\Lambda \\ \mathrm{AB} \\ \varphi ,\phi \\ ϵ,\epsilon \\ \pi \end{gathered}$$

二.上下标

$$
a^2,a_1\\
x^{y+z},p_{ij},p_ij\\
x_i,x_{\text i}\\
\text{A B},\rm{A B}\\
\text A B,\rm A B\\
{\rm A} B\\
\text{e},\text{i}
$$

$$\begin{gathered} a^2,a_1 \\ {x}^{y+z},p_{ij},p_{i}j \\ {x}_i,x_{\text{i}} \\ \text{A B},\mathrm{AB} \\ \text{A}\mathrm{B},\mathrm{AB} \\ \mathrm{A}\mathrm{B} \\ \text{e},\text{i} \end{gathered}$$

三.分式与根式

分式

分式：\frac(fraction,分数)
首字母变大：\dfrac(display-style)

在这里插入代码片

$$\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}, \\ \frac{1}{x+y} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{x}+1}{y+1} \end{gathered}$$

根式

根式: \sqrt(square root, 平方根)

$$
\sqrt 2, \sqrt{X+Y},\sqrt[3]x\\
$$

$$\sqrt{2},\sqrt{X+Y},\sqrt[3]{x}$$

四.普通运算符

$$ 
+-\\
\times, \cdot, \div\\
\pm,\mp\\
<>,\ge,\le, \gg,\ll,\ne,\approx,\equiv\\
\cap,\cup,\in,\notin,\subseteq,\subsetneqq,\varnothing\\
\forall,\exists,\nexists\\
\because,\therefore\\
\mathbb R,\R,\N,\Z_+\\
\mathcal F,\mathscr F\\
$$

$$\begin{gathered} +- \\ \times ,\cdot ,÷ \\ \pm ,\mp \\ <>,\ge ,\le ,\gg ,\ll ,\ne ,\approx ,\equiv \\ \cap ,\cup ,\in ,\notin ,\subseteq ,⫋,\varnothing \\ \forall ,\exists ,\nexists \\ \because ,\therefore \\ \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R},\mathbb{N},{\mathbb{Z}}_{+} \\ \mathcal{F},\mathcal{F} \end{gathered}$$

乘

乘: \cdot(center)

除

除:\div(divide)

正负号

正负号: \pm(plus-minus)

<>号

\ge(greater than or equal, 大于等于)
\le(less than or equal, 小于等于)

不等于

\ne(not equal, 不等于)

约等于

\approx(approximate, 约等于)

恒等于

\equiv(equivalent, 恒等于)

子集

\mathbb(blackboard bold)

傅里叶变换

\mathcal(calligraphy,书法)
\mathscr(script,手迹)

---

$$
\cdots,\vdots,\ddots\\
$$

$$\cdots ,⋮,\ddots$$

省略号

\vdots(vertical,垂直的)
\ddots(diagonal,对角的)

---

$$
\infty,\nabla, \propto,\degree\\
$$

$$\infty ,\nabla ,\propto ,°$$

无穷

\infty(infinity,无穷)
\propto(proportional to, 正比于)

---

三角运算符

$$
\sin x,\sec x,\cosh x\\
\log_2 x,\ln x,\lg x\\
\lim\limits_{x \to 0}\frac{x}{\sin x}\\
\max x
$$

$$\begin{gathered} \sin x,\sec x,\cosh x \\ {\log }_{2}x,\ln x,\lg x \\ \underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{x}{\sin x} \\ \max x \end{gathered}$$

变为直体

$$
\text{MSE}(x)
$$

$$\text{MSE}(x)$$

五.大型运算符

求和运算符

\prod(product,乘积)

$$
\sum,\prod\\
\sum_i,\sum_{i=0}^N\\
\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n x_i}{\prod\limits_{i=1}^n x_i}
$$

$$\begin{gathered} \sum ,\prod \\ \sum _i,\sum _{i=0}^N \\ \frac{\sum _{i=1}^n{x}_i}{\prod _{i=1}^n{x}_i} \end{gathered}$$

积分运算

\int (integral, 积分)

$$
\int,\iint,\iiint,\oint,\oiint\\
\int _{-\infty}^0 f(x)\,\text d x
$$

$$\begin{gathered} \int ,\iint ,\iiint ,\oint ,\iint \\ {\int }_{-\infty }^{0}f(x)\text{d}x \end{gathered}$$

空格

$$
a\,a\\
a\ a\\
a\quad a\\
a\qquad a
$$

$$\begin{gathered} aa \\ aa \\ aa \\ aa \end{gathered}$$

六. 标注符号

标注符号

\vec(vector,向量)

$$
\vec x,\overrightarrow {AB}\\
\bar x,\overline{AB}
$$

$$\begin{gathered} \vec{x},\overrightarrow{AB} \\ \bar{x},\overline{AB} \end{gathered}$$

七.箭头

$$
\leftarrow,\Rightarrow,\Leftrightarrow,\longleftarrow
$$

$$\leftarrow ,\Rightarrow ,\iff ,⟵$$

八.括号与定界符

$$
([])\{\}\\
\lceil,\rceil,\lfloor,\rfloor,||\\
\left(0,\frac l a\right]\\
\left.\frac {\partial f}{\partial f}\right|_{x=0}
$$

( [ ] ) { } ⌈ , ⌉ , ⌊ , ⌋ , ∣ ∣ ( 0 , l a ] ∂ f ∂ f ∣ x = 0 ([])\{\}\\ \lceil,\rceil,\lfloor,\rfloor,||\\ \left(0,\frac l a\right]\\ \left.\frac {\partial f}{\partial f}\right|_{x=0} ([]){}⌈,⌉,⌊,⌋,∣∣(0,al​]∂f∂f​∣ ∣​x=0​

九.多行公式

\起换行作用

$$
\begin{align}
a&=b+c+d\\
&=e+f
\end{align}
$$

$$\begin{array}{rl}a& =b+c+d\\ & =e+f\end{array}$$

十.大括号

$$
f(x)=

\begin{cases}

\sin x,& -y\le x \le x\
0,& \text{其他}

\end{cases}
$$

十一.矩阵 (因为这里显示不了\begin和\end)

matrix bmatrix
pmatrix vmatrix

$$
\begin{matrix}

a & b & \cdots & c \
\vdots& \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \
e & f& \cdots & g

\end{matrix}
$$

矩阵简单式

\bf(bold face, 粗体)

$$ 
\bf A, \bf B^{\rm T}
$$

$$\mathbf{A},{\mathbf{B}}^{\mathrm{T}}$$

十二.实战演练

案例一

$$
f(x) =\frac 1 {\sqrt{2\pi} \sigma} {\rm e} ^ {-\frac {(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma ^ 2}}\\
f(x) =\frac 1 {\sqrt{2\pi} \sigma} \exp \left[  {-\frac {(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma ^ 2}}\right]
$$

$$\begin{gathered} f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }\sigma }{\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{(x-\mu {)}^2}{2{\sigma }^2}} \\ f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi }\sigma }\exp \left[-\frac{(x-\mu {)}^2}{2{\sigma }^2}\right] \end{gathered}$$

案例二

$$\underset{N\to \infty }{\lim }p\left\{\left|\frac{I\left({\alpha }_i\right)}{N}-H(s)\right|<\epsilon \right\}=1$$

$$
\lim\limits_{N\to \infty} p \left\{ \left| \frac {I\left( \alpha_i\right)}{N}-H(s) \right|<\varepsilon \right\}=1
$$

案例三

$$x(n)=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }X\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{j}omega}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{j}\omega n}\mathrm{d}\omega$$

$$
x(n)=\frac 1 {2\pi} \int _{-\pi}^\pi X\left({\rm e}^{{\rm j} \ omega } \right) {\rm e} ^ {{\rm j} \omega n}\, {\rm d}\omega  
$$