Java 泛型类约束与局限性

Java 泛型类约束与局限性

 

1.不能用基本类型实例化类型参数；

Pair<double>   // 这样是错误的

 

2.运行时类型查询只适用于原始类型

Pair<String> stringPair = ...;
Pair<Employee> employeePair = ...;
if(StringPair.getClass() == employeePair.getClass())// they are equal

 

3.不能抛出也不能捕获泛型类实例

public class Problem<T> extends Exception{/*  */} // error -- can't extend Throwable
public static <T extends Throwable> void doWork(Class<T> t) {
    try {
         do work;
    } catch(T e) { // error -- can't catch type variable
        Logger.global.info(...);
    }
}

public static <T extends Throwable> void doWork(T t) { // ok
    try {
        do work;
    } catch(Throwable realCause) {
        t.initCause(realCause);
        throw t;
    }
}

4.参数化类型的数组不合法

Pair<String>[] table = new Pair<String>[10]; // Error

 

5.不能实例化类型变量

public Pair() {
    first = new T(); // error
    second = new T(); // error
}

public static <T> Pair<T> makePair(Class<T> cl) { // ok
    try {
        return new Pair<T>(cl.newInstance(), cl.newInstance());
    } catch(Exception e) {
        return null;
    }
}

Pair<String> p = Pair.makePair(String.class);

 

6.泛型类的静态上下文中类型变量无效

public class Singleton<T> { // error
    private static T instance; // error
    public static T getSingleInstance() {
        if(null == instance) {
            instance = ...; // construct new instance of T
            return instance;
        }
    }
}

 

7.注意擦除后的冲突

public class Pair<T> {
    private T first;
    private T second;
    public boolean equals(T value) {
        return first.equals(value) && second.equals(value);
    }
}
boolean equals(String) // define in Pair<T>
boolean equals(Object) // inherited from Object
boolean equals(T) // T is erased into Object
boolean equals(Object) // two identical equals methods