java.nio.channels.FileChannel源码解读

版本：JDK7

package java.nio.channels;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
import java.nio.file.spi.*;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Collections;

public abstract class FileChannel extends AbstractInterruptibleChannel
    implements SeekableByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel {

    protected FileChannel() { }

    /**
     * Opens or creates a file, returning a file channel to access the file.
     *
     * <p> The {@code options} parameter determines how the file is opened.
     * The {@link StandardOpenOption#READ READ} and {@link StandardOpenOption#WRITE
     * WRITE} options determine if the file should be opened for reading and/or
     * writing. If neither option (or the {@link StandardOpenOption#APPEND APPEND}
     * option) is contained in the array then the file is opened for reading.
     * By default reading or writing commences at the beginning of the file.
     * @since   1.7
     */
    public static FileChannel open(Path path, Set<? extends OpenOption> options, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) throws IOException {
        FileSystemProvider provider = path.getFileSystem().provider();
        return provider.newFileChannel(path, options, attrs);
    }

    private static final FileAttribute<?>[] NO_ATTRIBUTES = new FileAttribute[0];

    /**
     * Opens or creates a file, returning a file channel to access the file.
     * @since   1.7
     */
    public static FileChannel open(Path path, OpenOption... options) throws IOException {
        Set<OpenOption> set = new HashSet<OpenOption>(options.length);
        Collections.addAll(set, options);
        return open(path, set, NO_ATTRIBUTES);
    }

    // -- Channel operations --

    /**
     * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.
     */
    public abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the
     * given buffers.
     */
    public abstract long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length)
        throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.
     */
    public final long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException {
        return read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);
    }

    /**
     * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.
     */
    public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the given buffers.
     */
    public abstract long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length)
        throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.
     */
    public final long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException {
        return write(srcs, 0, srcs.length);
    }

    /**
     * Returns this channel's file position.
     */
    public abstract long position() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Sets this channel's file position.
     *
     * <p> Setting the position to a value that is greater than the file's
     * current size is legal but does not change the size of the file.  A later
     * attempt to read bytes at such a position will immediately return an
     * end-of-file indication.  A later attempt to write bytes at such a
     * position will cause the file to be grown to accommodate the new bytes;
     * the values of any bytes between the previous end-of-file and the
     * newly-written bytes are unspecified.  </p>
	 *
	 * 如果将位置设置在文件结束符之后，然后试图从文件通道中读取数据，读方法将返回-1 —— 文件结束标志。
	 * 如果将位置设置在文件结束符之后，然后向通道中写数据，文件将撑大到当前位置并(从当前位置开始)写入数据。这可能导致“文件空洞”，磁盘上物理文件中写入的数据间有空隙。
     *
     * @param  newPosition
     *         The new position, a non-negative integer counting
     *         the number of bytes from the beginning of the file

     */
    public abstract FileChannel position(long newPosition) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Returns the current size of this channel's file. 
     */
    public abstract long size() throws IOException;

    /**
     * Truncates this channel's file to the given size. 截取一个文件
     * 
     * <p> If the given size is less than the file's current size then the file
     * is truncated, discarding any bytes beyond the new end of the file.  If
     * the given size is greater than or equal to the file's current size then
     * the file is not modified.  In either case, if this channel's file
     * position is greater than the given size then it is set to that size.
     */
    public abstract FileChannel truncate(long size) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Forces any updates to this channel's file to be written to the storage
     * device that contains it.

     * 将通道里尚未写入磁盘的数据强制写到磁盘上。
	 * 说明：
	 *		1)操作系统将数据缓存在内存中，所以无法保证写入到FileChannel里的数据一定会即时写到磁盘上。
	 * 		2)如果要保证写入到FileChannel里的数据即时写到磁盘上，需要调用force()方法，参数表示是否将文件的元数据写到磁盘上。
     */
    public abstract void force(boolean metaData) throws IOException;

	// 通道之间的数据传输
    /**
     * Transfers bytes from this channel's file to the given writable byte channel.
     */
    public abstract long transferTo(long position, long count, WritableByteChannel target) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Transfers bytes into this channel's file from the given readable byte channel.
     */
    public abstract long transferFrom(ReadableByteChannel src, long position, long count) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer, starting at the given file position.
     *
     * This method does not modify this channel's position.  
	 * If the given position is greater than the file's current size then no bytes are read.
     */
    public abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst, long position) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer, starting at the given file position.
     *
     * This method does not modify this channel's position.  
	 * If the given position is greater than the file's current size then the file will be grown to accommodate the new bytes;
	 * the values of any bytes between the previous end-of-file and the newly-written bytes are unspecified.
     */
    public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src, long position) throws IOException;


    // -- Memory-mapped buffers --

    /**
     * A typesafe enumeration for file-mapping modes.
     *
     * @since 1.4
     *
     * @see java.nio.channels.FileChannel#map
     */
    public static class MapMode {

        /**
         * Mode for a read-only mapping.
         */
        public static final MapMode READ_ONLY = new MapMode("READ_ONLY");

        /**
         * Mode for a read/write mapping.
         */
        public static final MapMode READ_WRITE = new MapMode("READ_WRITE");

        /**
         * Mode for a private (copy-on-write) mapping.
         */
        public static final MapMode PRIVATE = new MapMode("PRIVATE");

        private final String name;

        private MapMode(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String toString() {
            return name;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Maps a region of this channel's file directly into memory.
     *
     *  A region of a file may be mapped into memory in one of three modes:
	 *
     * Read-only、Read/write、Private
     *
     * @param  mode
     *         One of the constants {@link MapMode#READ_ONLY READ_ONLY}, {@link
     *         MapMode#READ_WRITE READ_WRITE}, or {@link MapMode#PRIVATE
     *         PRIVATE} defined in the {@link MapMode} class, according to
     *         whether the file is to be mapped read-only, read/write, or
     *         privately (copy-on-write), respectively
     *
     * @param  position
     *         The position within the file at which the mapped region
     *         is to start; must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  size
     *         The size of the region to be mapped; must be non-negative and
     *         no greater than {@link java.lang.Integer#MAX_VALUE}
     *
     *
     * @see java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode
     * @see java.nio.MappedByteBuffer
     */
    public abstract MappedByteBuffer map(MapMode mode, long position, long size) throws IOException;


    // -- Locks --

    /**
     * Acquires a lock on the given region of this channel's file.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method will block until the region can be
     * locked, this channel is closed, or the invoking thread is interrupted,
     * whichever comes first.
     *
     * <p> If this channel is closed by another thread during an invocation of
     * this method then an {@link AsynchronousCloseException} will be thrown.
     *
     * <p> If the invoking thread is interrupted while waiting to acquire the
     * lock then its interrupt status will be set and a {@link
     * FileLockInterruptionException} will be thrown.  If the invoker's
     * interrupt status is set when this method is invoked then that exception
     * will be thrown immediately; the thread's interrupt status will not be
     * changed.
     *
     * <p> The region specified by the <tt>position</tt> and <tt>size</tt>
     * parameters need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual
     * underlying file.  Lock regions are fixed in size; if a locked region
     * initially contains the end of the file and the file grows beyond the
     * region then the new portion of the file will not be covered by the lock.
     * If a file is expected to grow in size and a lock on the entire file is
     * required then a region starting at zero, and no smaller than the
     * expected maximum size of the file, should be locked.  The zero-argument
     * {@link #lock()} method simply locks a region of size {@link
     * Long#MAX_VALUE}.
     *
     * <p> Some operating systems do not support shared locks, in which case a
     * request for a shared lock is automatically converted into a request for
     * an exclusive lock.  Whether the newly-acquired lock is shared or
     * exclusive may be tested by invoking the resulting lock object's {@link
     * FileLock#isShared() isShared} method.
     *
     * <p> File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine.
     * They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple
     * threads within the same virtual machine.  </p>
     *
     * @param  position
     *         The position at which the locked region is to start; must be
     *         non-negative
     *
     * @param  size
     *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
     *         <tt>position</tt> + <tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  shared
     *         <tt>true</tt> to request a shared lock, in which case this
     *         channel must be open for reading (and possibly writing);
     *         <tt>false</tt> to request an exclusive lock, in which case this
     *         channel must be open for writing (and possibly reading)
     *
     * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
     *
     * @throws  ClosedChannelException
     *          If this channel is closed
     *
     * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
     *          If another thread closes this channel while the invoking
     *          thread is blocked in this method
     *
     * @throws  FileLockInterruptionException
     *          If the invoking thread is interrupted while blocked in this
     *          method
     *
     * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
     *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
     *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
     *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
     *          region
     *
     * @throws  NonReadableChannelException
     *          If <tt>shared</tt> is <tt>true</tt> this channel was not
     *          opened for reading
     *
     * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
     *          If <tt>shared</tt> is <tt>false</tt> but this channel was not
     *          opened for writing
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If some other I/O error occurs
     *
     * @see     #lock()
     * @see     #tryLock()
     * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
     */
    public abstract FileLock lock(long position, long size, boolean shared) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Acquires an exclusive lock on this channel's file.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>fc.lock()</tt> behaves
     * in exactly the same way as the invocation
     *
     * <pre>
     *     fc.{@link #lock(long,long,boolean) lock}(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false) </pre>
     *
     * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock
     *
     * @throws  ClosedChannelException
     *          If this channel is closed
     *
     * @throws  AsynchronousCloseException
     *          If another thread closes this channel while the invoking
     *          thread is blocked in this method
     *
     * @throws  FileLockInterruptionException
     *          If the invoking thread is interrupted while blocked in this
     *          method
     *
     * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
     *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
     *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
     *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
     *          region of the same file
     *
     * @throws  NonWritableChannelException
     *          If this channel was not opened for writing
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If some other I/O error occurs
     *
     * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
     * @see     #tryLock()
     * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
     */
    public final FileLock lock() throws IOException {
        return lock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to acquire a lock on the given region of this channel's file.
     *
     * <p> This method does not block.  An invocation always returns
     * immediately, either having acquired a lock on the requested region or
     * having failed to do so.  If it fails to acquire a lock because an
     * overlapping lock is held by another program then it returns
     * <tt>null</tt>.  If it fails to acquire a lock for any other reason then
     * an appropriate exception is thrown.
     *
     * <p> The region specified by the <tt>position</tt> and <tt>size</tt>
     * parameters need not be contained within, or even overlap, the actual
     * underlying file.  Lock regions are fixed in size; if a locked region
     * initially contains the end of the file and the file grows beyond the
     * region then the new portion of the file will not be covered by the lock.
     * If a file is expected to grow in size and a lock on the entire file is
     * required then a region starting at zero, and no smaller than the
     * expected maximum size of the file, should be locked.  The zero-argument
     * {@link #tryLock()} method simply locks a region of size {@link
     * Long#MAX_VALUE}.
     *
     * <p> Some operating systems do not support shared locks, in which case a
     * request for a shared lock is automatically converted into a request for
     * an exclusive lock.  Whether the newly-acquired lock is shared or
     * exclusive may be tested by invoking the resulting lock object's {@link
     * FileLock#isShared() isShared} method.
     *
     * <p> File locks are held on behalf of the entire Java virtual machine.
     * They are not suitable for controlling access to a file by multiple
     * threads within the same virtual machine.  </p>
     *
     * @param  position
     *         The position at which the locked region is to start; must be
     *         non-negative
     *
     * @param  size
     *         The size of the locked region; must be non-negative, and the sum
     *         <tt>position</tt> + <tt>size</tt> must be non-negative
     *
     * @param  shared
     *         <tt>true</tt> to request a shared lock,
     *         <tt>false</tt> to request an exclusive lock
     *
     * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock,
     *          or <tt>null</tt> if the lock could not be acquired
     *          because another program holds an overlapping lock
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          If the preconditions on the parameters do not hold
     *
     * @throws  ClosedChannelException
     *          If this channel is closed
     *
     * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
     *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
     *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
     *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
     *          region of the same file
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If some other I/O error occurs
     *
     * @see     #lock()
     * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
     * @see     #tryLock()
     */
    public abstract FileLock tryLock(long position, long size, boolean shared)
        throws IOException;

    /**
     * Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on this channel's file.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>fc.tryLock()</tt>
     * behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
     *
     * <pre>
     *     fc.{@link #tryLock(long,long,boolean) tryLock}(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false) </pre>
     *
     * @return  A lock object representing the newly-acquired lock,
     *          or <tt>null</tt> if the lock could not be acquired
     *          because another program holds an overlapping lock
     *
     * @throws  ClosedChannelException
     *          If this channel is closed
     *
     * @throws  OverlappingFileLockException
     *          If a lock that overlaps the requested region is already held by
     *          this Java virtual machine, or if another thread is already
     *          blocked in this method and is attempting to lock an overlapping
     *          region
     *
     * @throws  IOException
     *          If some other I/O error occurs
     *
     * @see     #lock()
     * @see     #lock(long,long,boolean)
     * @see     #tryLock(long,long,boolean)
     */
    public final FileLock tryLock() throws IOException {
        return tryLock(0L, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
    }

}