一、二维码简介
二维码又称为QR Code,QR全称是Quick Response,是一个近几年来移动设备上超流行的一种编码方式。
二维码是用某种特定的几何图形按一定规律在平面(二维方向上)分布的黑白相间的图形记录数据符号信息的。
主要应用场景如下:
- 信息获取(名片、地图、WIFI密码、资料)
- 网站跳转(跳转到微博、手机网站、网站)
- 广告推送(用户扫码,直接浏览商家推送的视频、音频广告)
- 手机电商(用户扫码、手机直接购物下单)
- 防伪溯源(用户扫码、即可查看生产地;同时后台可以获取最终消费地)
- 优惠促销(用户扫码,下载电子优惠券,抽奖)
- 会员管理(用户手机上获取电子会员信息、VIP服务)
- 手机支付(扫描商品二维码,通过银行或第三方支付提供的手机端通道完成支付)
- 账号登录(扫描二维码进行各个网站或软件的登录)
二、编写代码生成二维码
1.引入jar包
pom.xml中引入zxing的jar包。
<!-- 二维码支持包 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>core</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>javase</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </dependency>
2.编写工具类
QRCodeUtil.java代码如下:
/** * QRCodeUtil 生成二维码工具类 */ public class QRCodeUtil { private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8"; private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG"; // 二维码尺寸 private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300; // LOGO宽度 private static final int WIDTH = 60; // LOGO高度 private static final int HEIGHT = 60; private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { Hashtable hints = new Hashtable(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET); hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1); BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints); int width = bitMatrix.getWidth(); int height = bitMatrix.getHeight(); BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF); } } if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) { return image; } // 插入图片 QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress); return image; } private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { File file = new File(imgPath); if (!file.exists()) { System.err.println("" + imgPath + " 该文件不存在!"); return; } Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath)); int width = src.getWidth(null); int height = src.getHeight(null); if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO if (width > WIDTH) { width = WIDTH; } if (height > HEIGHT) { height = HEIGHT; } Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH); BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = tag.getGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图 g.dispose(); src = image; } // 插入LOGO Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics(); int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2; int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2; graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null); Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6); graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f)); graph.draw(shape); graph.dispose(); } public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); mkdirs(destPath); ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath)); } public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); return image; } public static void mkdirs(String destPath) { File file = new File(destPath); // 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常) if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) { file.mkdirs(); } } public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output); } public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false); } }
3.编写控制层代码
QrCodeController.java代码如下:
/** * 根据 url 生成 普通二维码 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/createCommonQRCode") public void createCommonQRCode(HttpServletResponse response, String url) throws Exception { ServletOutputStream stream = null; try { stream = response.getOutputStream(); //使用工具类生成二维码 QRCodeUtil.encode(url, stream); } catch (Exception e) { e.getStackTrace(); } finally { if (stream != null) { stream.flush(); stream.close(); } } } /** * 根据 url 生成 带有logo二维码 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/createLogoQRCode") public void createLogoQRCode(HttpServletResponse response, String url) throws Exception { ServletOutputStream stream = null; try { stream = response.getOutputStream(); String logoPath = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("").getPath() + "templates" + File.separator + "logo.jpg"; //使用工具类生成二维码 QRCodeUtil.encode(url, logoPath, stream, true); } catch (Exception e) { e.getStackTrace(); } finally { if (stream != null) { stream.flush(); stream.close(); } } }
4.运行并查看效果
本项目中提供了生成普通二维码和带有logo二维码的两个接口,启动项目,我们来演示下生成下http://www.baidu.com这个url的二维码;
- 生成普通二维码
本地浏览器打开http://localhost:8080/createCommonQRCode?url=http://www.baidu.com,生成的二维码截图如下:
生成百度的普通二维码
- 生成带logo的二维码
本地浏览器打开http://localhost:8080/createLogoQRCode?url=http://www.baidu.com,生成的二维码截图如下: