线程间通信-生产者消费者

对于多个生产者和消费者：

1.不要用if ，而要定义while判断标记，使得被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记；

2.需要使用notifyAll唤醒对方线程。因为之用notify，容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况，导致程序中的所有线程都等待。

但使用notifyAll不仅仅会唤醒对方线程，也会唤醒本方线程，这种解决方案并不是很好。

package com.javase.thread;

public class ProducerConsumer {
	
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Resources res = new Resources();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Producer(res));
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Producer(res));
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Consumer(res));
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Consumer(res));
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
	
}


class Resources{
	private String name;
	private int count=0;
	boolean flag = false;
	public synchronized void set(String name){
		while(flag){
			try {
				wait();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		this.name=name;
		System.out.println("***生产者："+name+(++count));
		flag=true;
		notifyAll();
		
	}
	
	public synchronized void print(){
		while(!flag){
			try {
				wait();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		System.out.println("消费者："+this.name+count);
		flag=false;
		notifyAll();
		
	}
}

class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Resources res ;
	public Producer(Resources res){
		this.res=res;
	}
	public void run(){
		while(true)
			res.set("Product");
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Resources res ;
	public Consumer(Resources res){
		this.res=res;
	}
	public void run(){
		while(true)
			res.print();
	}
}

JDK1.5 中提供了多线程升级解决方案。将同步Synchronized替换成现实Lock操作。将Object中的wait，notify , notifyAll 替换成Condition对象。该对象可以通过Lock锁进行获取。下面代码实现了本方只唤醒对方的操作。

package com.javase.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class ProducerConsumer {
	
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Resources res = new Resources();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Producer(res));
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Producer(res));
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Consumer(res));
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Consumer(res));
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
	
}


class Resources{
	private Lock resLock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition_pro = resLock.newCondition();
	private Condition condition_con = resLock.newCondition();
	private String name;
	private int count=0;
	boolean flag = false;
	public void set(String name){
		resLock.lock();
		try{
			while(flag){
				try {
					condition_pro.await();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			this.name=name;
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--生产者："+name+(++count));
			flag=true;
			condition_con.signal();
		}finally{
			resLock.unlock();
		}
		
	}
	
	public void print(){
		resLock.lock();
		try{
			while(!flag){
				try {
					condition_con.await();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--消费者："+this.name+count);
			flag=false;
			condition_pro.signal();
		}finally{
			resLock.unlock();
		}
		
		
	}
}

class Producer implements Runnable{
	private Resources res ;
	public Producer(Resources res){
		this.res=res;
	}
	public void run(){
		while(true)
			res.set("Product");
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable{
	private Resources res ;
	public Consumer(Resources res){
		this.res=res;
	}
	public void run(){
		while(true)
			res.print();
	}
}