【论文研读】Obscuring Surface Anatomy + Detection of Wrong-Patient when Include Patient Photographs

Obscuring Surface Anatomy in Volumetric Imaging Data

Author: Mikhail Milchenko and Daniel Marcus

idea: we developed a method of anatomical surface modification and investigated the effects of such modification on image statistics and common neuroimaging processing tools. 

note:

1. Several techniques have been developed to remove potentially identifiable features from images, especially to prevent face recognition. Many prior de-identification methods have employed pre-existing techniques that were developed for other purposes, such as MR skull stripping, a common preprocessing step in many neuroimaging studies. Skull stripping algorithms such as (Smith 2002) classify voxels into brain and non-brain, and leave only brain voxels in the dataset. This approach has the drawback that it removes anatomical features that are necessary to calculate important values such as intracranial volume and cerebrospinal fluid volume.

Method

1. isolate a thin layer that contains the anatomical surface for subsequent blurring. At this stage, we create a binary mask of the original object and generate a triangular tessellation of the surface (Fig.1)
2. we enclose the triangulated anatomical surface (Fig. 1) in  “interior” (deep) and “exterior” (superficial) tessellations (Fig. 2). These triangulated surfaces are obtained by translating each vertex of anatomical surface triangulation up or down the normal.
3. Masking the Boundary Layer
   1. fill coating：voxels within this layer to a fixed constant
   2. localized blur：an averaging filter is applied to a copy of the original scan, and then only voxels within the boundary layer are replaced by those from the blurred volume (Figs. 4c and 5c).
4. Normalized Filtering （Fig. 8)
   1. normalization,  A convolution filter is applied to this transformed mesh in directions tangent to the average
      anatomical surface or perpendicular to it
   2. Boundary Layer Projection :
      1. each quasi-block has 8 distinct vertices, both oblique and regular boxes can be partitioned into six tetrahedrons 每个块都有8个不同的顶点，斜线块和规则块都可以分割成六个四面体
      2. pre-compute six affine transforms for each tetrahedral 四面体 pair. Then, for each voxel in the target box, we find the tetrahedron 四面体  it belongs to, and obtain the source voxel by applying a precomputed inverse affine transform for this tetrahedron to the voxel coordinates. （每一个box对应一个转化的box）

 

Improvement in Detection of Wrong-Patient Errors When Radiologists Include Patient Photographs in Their Interpretation of Portable Chest Radiographs

Author: Srini Tridandapani, Kevin Olsen, and Pamela Bhatti

idea：This study was conducted to determine whether facial photographs obtained simultaneously with radiographs improve radiologists’ detection rate of wrong-patient errors, when they are explicitly asked to include the photographs in their evaluation.这项研究的目的是确定当放射科医生明确要求在评估中包括面部照片时，同时获得的照片是否能提高对病人错误的检出率。（本文主要是判断两张影像是否是同一个人）

note：​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

1. The Joint Commission reaffirms that “wrong-patient errors occur in virtually all stages of diagnosis and treatment,” in their National Patient Safety Goals for 2014 [1]
2. Specifically, in [7], an observer study with 10 observers in a single institution demonstrated that the addition of photographs to portable radiographs resulted in an increase in mismatch error detection rates from 12.5 to 64 %. In a larger study involving 90 radiologists with diverse experience, we found that observers who were shown photographs along with radiographs detected 77 % of the mismatch errors whereas those observers who were shown radiographs alone detected only 31 % of the errors [8].
3. The mechanism by which the inclusion of patient photographs led to an increase in mismatch error detection is still not clearly understood. It is possible that the presence of the patient photographs led to increased empathy and possibly resulted in more focus in observers, i.e., photographs may have caused observers to pay more attention to the radiographs.

原文:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636721/