Codeforces 659E New Reform【DFS】

题目链接:

http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/659/E

题意:

给定n个点和m条双向边,将双向边改为单向边,问无法到达的顶点最少有多少个?

分析:

无法到达的话即入度为0。
DFS判断每一个连通块中是否存在环,如果存在环,就能保证环中每个点的入度都大于等于1。否则,有头有尾,头的入度为0。

代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e5 + 5;
vector<int>v[maxn];
int vis[maxn];
int ans;
void dfs(int now, int pre)
{
    if(vis[now]) {ans = 0;return;}
    vis[now] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < v[now].size(); i++){
        if(v[now][i] != pre)
             dfs(v[now][i], now);
    }
}
int main (void)
{
    int n, m;scanf("%d%d", &n,&m);
    int a, b;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
        scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
        v[a].push_back(b);
        v[b].push_back(a);
   }
   memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
   int res = 0;
   for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
       if(vis[i]) continue;
       ans = 1;
       dfs(i, 0);
       res += ans;
   }
   printf("%d\n", res);
   return 0;
}

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Tuesdayzz/p/5758682.html

### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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