创建WPF程序的三种方式:
1.只使用代码
2.使用代码和未经编译的标记(XAML)
3.使用代码和编译过的标记(BAML)
第一种不写了,比较简单
第二种:
所谓的第二种方法就是直接读一个XAML文件,解析它并创建界面元素,要注意的是要读的XAML文件属性要设置成如下的样子
- private Button button1;
- public Window1(string xamlFile)
- {
- InitializeComponent(xamlFile);
- }
- private void InitializeComponent(string xamlFile)
- {
- // Configure the form.
- this.Width = this.Height = 285;
- this.Left = this.Top = 100;
- this.Title = "Dynamically Loaded XAML";
- // Get the XAML content from an external file.
- DependencyObject rootElement;
- using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(xamlFile, FileMode.Open))
- {
- rootElement = (DependencyObject)XamlReader.Load(fs);
- }
- // Insert the markup into this window.
- this.Content = rootElement;
- // Find the control with the appropriate name.
- //button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
- FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
- button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
- // Wire up the event handler.
- button1.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(button1_Click);
- }
- private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- button1.Content = "Thank you.";
- }
- }
- private Button button1;
- public Window1(string xamlFile)
- {
- InitializeComponent(xamlFile);
- }
- private void InitializeComponent(string xamlFile)
- {
- // Configure the form.
- this.Width = this.Height = 285;
- this.Left = this.Top = 100;
- this.Title = "Dynamically Loaded XAML";
- // Get the XAML content from an external file.
- DependencyObject rootElement;
- using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(xamlFile, FileMode.Open))
- {
- rootElement = (DependencyObject)XamlReader.Load(fs);
- }
- // Insert the markup into this window.
- this.Content = rootElement;
- // Find the control with the appropriate name.
- //button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
- FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
- button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
- // Wire up the event handler.
- button1.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(button1_Click);
- }
- private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- button1.Content = "Thank you.";
- }
- }
private Button button1;
public Window1(string xamlFile)
{
InitializeComponent(xamlFile);
}
private void InitializeComponent(string xamlFile)
{
// Configure the form.
this.Width = this.Height = 285;
this.Left = this.Top = 100;
this.Title = "Dynamically Loaded XAML";
// Get the XAML content from an external file.
DependencyObject rootElement;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(xamlFile, FileMode.Open))
{
rootElement = (DependencyObject)XamlReader.Load(fs);
}
// Insert the markup into this window.
this.Content = rootElement;
// Find the control with the appropriate name.
//button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
// Wire up the event handler.
button1.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(button1_Click);
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
button1.Content = "Thank you.";
}
}
上面直接把Window1.xaml从硬盘读到文件流中,再转化成DependencyObject对象,DependencyObject是所有WPF控件继承的基类.
上面被注释的代码
[csharp] view plain copy- button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
- button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
与
[csharp]
view plain
copy
- FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
- button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
- FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
- button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
是等效的,
LogicalTreeHelper是一个辅助类,具有查找一棵完整控件对象树的能力,这个示例中XAML文件中的根元素是DockPanel,DockPanel又继承自
FrameworkElement类,所以使用FrameworkElement.FindName()方法同样可以找到控件对象.
第三种:
这种方法是VS自己支持的,所有代码都是自动生成的,不用我们人为去编码,即把XAML编译成BAML文件,再嵌入dll中作为资源保存,程序运行时再从dll中读出来. 读BMAL比直接读XMAL文件效率要高,因为BMAL已经经过了优化,文件体积也比XMAL小. 编译器在编译成会生成一个BMAL文件,和一个分部类,它们会放在项文件夹的obj\Debug子文件夹中.
下面来看看这个VS自动生成的部分类,Window1.g.cs (只呈现主要逻辑代码,省略掉非关键部分)
[csharp] view plain copy- /// <summary>
- /// Window1
- /// </summary>
- public partial class Window1 : System.Windows.Window, System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector {
- internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtQuestion;
- internal System.Windows.Controls.Button cmdAnswer;
- internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtAnswer;
- #line default
- #line hidden
- private bool _contentLoaded;
- /// <summary>
- /// InitializeComponent
- /// </summary>
- public void InitializeComponent() {
- if (_contentLoaded) {
- return;
- }
- _contentLoaded = true;
- System.Uri resourceLocater = new System.Uri("window1.baml", System.UriKind.Relative);
- System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(this, resourceLocater);
- #line default
- #line hidden
- }
- ......
- void System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector.Connect(int connectionId, object target) {
- switch (connectionId)
- {
- case 1:
- this.txtQuestion = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
- return;
- case 2:
- this.cmdAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.Button)(target));
- this.cmdAnswer.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler(this.cmdAnswer_Click);
- return;
- case 3:
- this.txtAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
- return;
- }
- this._contentLoaded = true;
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// Window1
- /// </summary>
- public partial class Window1 : System.Windows.Window, System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector {
- internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtQuestion;
- internal System.Windows.Controls.Button cmdAnswer;
- internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtAnswer;
- #line default
- #line hidden
- private bool _contentLoaded;
- /// <summary>
- /// InitializeComponent
- /// </summary>
- public void InitializeComponent() {
- if (_contentLoaded) {
- return;
- }
- _contentLoaded = true;
- System.Uri resourceLocater = new System.Uri("window1.baml", System.UriKind.Relative);
- System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(this, resourceLocater);
- #line default
- #line hidden
- }
- ......
- void System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector.Connect(int connectionId, object target) {
- switch (connectionId)
- {
- case 1:
- this.txtQuestion = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
- return;
- case 2:
- this.cmdAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.Button)(target));
- this.cmdAnswer.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler(this.cmdAnswer_Click);
- return;
- case 3:
- this.txtAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
- return;
- }
- this._contentLoaded = true;
- }
- }
/// <summary>
/// Window1
/// </summary>
public partial class Window1 : System.Windows.Window, System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector {
internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtQuestion;
internal System.Windows.Controls.Button cmdAnswer;
internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtAnswer;
#line default
#line hidden
private bool _contentLoaded;
/// <summary>
/// InitializeComponent
/// </summary>
public void InitializeComponent() {
if (_contentLoaded) {
return;
}
_contentLoaded = true;
System.Uri resourceLocater = new System.Uri("window1.baml", System.UriKind.Relative);
System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(this, resourceLocater);
#line default
#line hidden
}
......
void System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector.Connect(int connectionId, object target) {
switch (connectionId)
{
case 1:
this.txtQuestion = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
return;
case 2:
this.cmdAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.Button)(target));
this.cmdAnswer.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler(this.cmdAnswer_Click);
return;
case 3:
this.txtAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));
return;
}
this._contentLoaded = true;
}
}
方法二中的XamlReader用处很大,下面的代码摘自 这个地方
通过XamlReader 动态构建并实例化一个Window
<span style="color: green;">//XamlReader </span><span style="color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">StringBuilder </span>strXMAL = <span style="color: blue;">new </span><span style="color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">StringBuilder</span>(<span style="color: rgb(163, 21, 21);">"<Window "</span>); strXMAL.Append(<span style="color: rgb(163, 21, 21);">"xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation\" "</span>); strXMAL.Append(<span style="color: rgb(163, 21, 21);">"xmlns:x=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml\" "</span>); strXMAL.Append(<span style="color: rgb(163, 21, 21);">"Title=\"Window2\" Height=\"600\" Width=\"600\">"</span>); strXMAL.Append(<span style="color: rgb(163, 21, 21);">"</Window>"</span>); <span style="color: blue;">var </span>window = (<span style="color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">Window</span>)<span style="color: rgb(43, 145, 175);">XamlReader</span>.Parse(strXMAL.ToString()); window.ShowDialog();
作者还自己实现了BMAL文件的Reader和Writer,有兴趣可以研究研究,一般情况下也用不上的