代理服务器的原理
案例
- 安装
express
、http-proxy-middleware
- app.js 文件
node app.js
var express = require('express'); var app = express(); app.use(express.static('./public')); app.listen(3000);
- 在 public 文件夹下建立 a.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <button onclick="Click()">点击发送请求</button> <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script> function Click() { axios('http://localhost:5000/b') .then(function(res) { console.log(res); }); } </script> </body> </html> </body> </html>
- 搭建接口服务器,接口服务器端口号 5000
node interface.js
var express = require('express'); var app = express(); app.get("/", (req, res) => { res.send("123"); }); app.get("/api/a", (req, res) => { res.send("a"); }); app.get("/b", (req, res) => { console.log(req.headers); res.send("b"); }); app.listen(5000);
- 访问
http://localhost:3000/a.html
搭建代理服务器解决跨域问题
- 更改 app.js
var express = require('express'); var proxy = require('http-proxy-middleware'); var app = express(); app.use(express.static('./public')); app.use('/api', proxy.createProxyMiddleware({ target: 'http://localhost:5000', changeOrigin: false, pathRewrite: { "^/api": "" } })); app.listen(3000);
- 更改 a.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <button onclick="Click()">点击发送请求</button> <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script> function Click() { // axios('http://localhost:5000/b') // .then(function(res) { // console.log(res); // }); axios('/api/b') .then(function(res) { console.log(res); }); } </script> </body> </html> </body> </html>
- 访问
http://localhost:3000/a.html
原理解释
- 将 a.html 请求地址改为
/api/b
,那么发送请求的时候会自动补上主机和端口号http://localhost:3000
- 所以请求发送到了3000端口
- 参数含义
target: 转发到的目标地址
changeOrigin: 是否更改host。默认为false,不重写
true
false
pathRewrite:路径重写(在这里是去掉’api’)
- 最终请求被转发到了
http://localhost:5000/b
app.get("/b", (req, res) => { console.log(req.headers); res.send("b"); });
- 整个过程就像这样