常见的SQL笔试题和面试题（上）：经典50题
已知有如下4张表：
学生表：STUDENT(S#,SNAME,SAGE,SSEX)
课程表：COURSE(C#,CNAME,T#)
成绩表：SC(S#,C#,SCORE)
教师表：TEACHER(T#,TNAME)
其中，
1）学生表里的字段含义：
S#代表学号，SNAME代表学生姓名，SAGE代表学生年龄，SSEX代表学生性别
2）课程表里的字段含义：
C#代表课程编号，CNAME代表课程名字，T#代表教师编号，
3）成绩表
S#代表学号,C#代表课程编号,SCORE代表成绩
4）教师表的字段含义：
T#代表教师编号，TNAME代表教师姓名
自己赋值：
- student表：
- Course表：
- Teacher表：
- SC表：
由于建表时忘记设置主键，需要增加(sno,cno)一起为主键，方便后期引用，注意，每个字段更新语句后面用逗号分开，否则会报错。
方法一：
alter table sc
change column sno sno int(11) not null,
change column cno cno int(11) not null,
add primary key(sno,cno)方法二：
alter table sc
modify sno int(11) not null,
modify cno int(11) not null,
add primary key(sno,cno)
1.查询课程编号为“001”的课程比“002”的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号
select x.sno,x.score,y.score from sc x,sc y
where x.cno=1001
and y.cno=1002
and x.sno=y.sno
and x.score > y.score
2.查询平均成绩大于60分的学生的学号和平均成绩
select sno,avg(score) from sc
group by sno
having avg(score)>60
3.查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
select sc.sno,sname,count(cno),sum(score)
from student join sc
on student.sno=sc.sno
group by sc.sno,sname
4、查询姓“悟”的老师的个数
select count(Tname) from teacher
where Tname like '悟%'
5、查询没学过“悟空”老师课的学生的学号、姓名
(对原始SC表稍作修改，令1,2号学生没有学过悟空的课
delete from sc where sno=1 and cno=1009
delete from sc where sno=2 and cno=1009
）
select sno,sname from student
where sno not in(select sno from SC where cno in(select cno from course
where tno in(select tno from teacher
where tname='悟空')))
6、查询学过“悟空”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名
（对原始表Course，SC稍作修改，让悟空交2门课
insert into course values('1010','Exercise','TS04')
insert into sc values
('8','1010','75'),
('9','1010','92'),
('10','1010','80');
）
select sno,sname from student
where sno in(select sno from SC where cno in(select cno from course
where tno in(select tno from teacher
where tname='悟空')))
7、查询学过编号为“1001”的课程并且也学过编号为“1010”的课程的学生的学号、姓名
select s.sno ,s.sname from student s where s.sno in
(select sc.sno from sc where sc.cno in ('1001','1010')) ;
8、查询课程编号为“1002”的总成绩
select sum(score) from sc
where cno='1002'
9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的学生的学号、姓名
select sno,sname from student
where sno in(select sno from SC where score <60)
10、查询没有学全所有课的学生的学号、姓名
select s.sno , s.sname from student s where s.sno not in
(select sc.sno from sc where sc.cno in (
select distinct c.cno from course c )) ;
select s.sid,s.sname
from student s ,sc sc
where s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid,s.sname
having count(sc.cid)<(
select count(cid)
from course);
select s.sid,s.sname
from student s
right join sc sc on s.sid = sc.sid
group by s.sid,s.sname
having count(sc.cid)<
(select count(cid) from course);
11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名：
select student.sid,sname
from student,sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
and cid in
(select cid from sc where sid='1001');
select s.sid,s.sname
from sc sc left join student as s
on sc.sid = s.sid
where sc.cid in (select cid from sc where sid='1001');
select sc_1.sid,s.sname
from sc sc_1 left join student as s
on sc_1.sid = s.sid
where
exists (select sc_2.cid from sc as sc_2
where sc_1.cid = sc_2.cid
and sc_2.sid = '1001');
12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名；
13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩：
update sc set score =
(select avg(sc_2.score) from sc sc_2
where sc_2.cid = sc.cid)
where cid in
(select c.cid from course c
left join teacher t on t.tid = c.tid
where t.tname = '叶平');
14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名：
select sc_1.sid
from (select cid from sc where sid='1002')a
left join sc sc_1 on a.cid = sc_1.cid
where sc_1.sid<>'1002'
group by sc_1.sid
having count(sc_1.cid) =
(select count(cid) from sc where sid='1002');select a.sid,s.sname from
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str
from sc where sid='1002')b,
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str
from sc group by sid)a
left join student s
on a.sid = s.sid
where a.cid_str = b.cid_str and a.sid<>'1002';
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录：
delete from sc WHERE
cid in (
select c.cid from course c
LEFT JOIN teacher t on c.tid=t.tid
where t.tname = '叶平');
16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、002号课的平均成绩：
insert into sc select sid,'002',
(select avg(score) from sc where cid='0022')
from student
where sid not in (select sid from sc where cid='002');
17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示：学生ID，数据库，企业管理，英语，有效课程数，有效平均分：
select sid as 学生id,
(SELECT score from sc
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='004') as 数据库,
(select score from sc
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='001') as 企业管理,
(select score from sc
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='015') as 英语,
count(cid) as 有效课程数, avg(t.score) as 平均成绩
from sc as t
group by sid
order by avg(t.score);
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下的形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分
select l.cid as 课程id,l.score as 最高分,
r.score as 最低分
from sc l,sc r
where l.cid = r.cid
and l.score =
(select max(t.score) from sc t
where l.cid = t.cid group by t.cid)
and r.score = (select min(t.score) from sc t
where r.cid = t.cid group by t.cid)
order by l.cid;
select cid as 课程id,max(score) as 最高分,
min(score) as 最低分
from sc
group by cid;
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序：
SELECT t.cid as 课程号,
c.cname as 课程名,
COALESCE(avg(score),0) as 平均成绩,
100*sum(case
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*) as 及格百分数
from sc t
left join course c
on t.cid = c.cid
group by t.cid
order by 100*sum(case
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*);
20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用”1行”显示): 企业管理（001），马克思（002），OO&UML （003），数据库（004）：
21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示：
select t.tid as 教师id,
t.tname as 教师姓名,
sc.cid as 课程id,
avg(score) as 平均成绩
from sc as sc
LEFT JOIN course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid
group by sc.cid
order by avg(sc.score) desc;
22、查询如下课程成绩第3名到第6名的学生成绩单：企业管理(001)，马克思(002)，UML(003)，数据库(004)：
23、统计下列各科成绩，各分数段人数：课程ID，课程名称，[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ 小于60] ：
select sc.cid as 课程id,cname as 课程名称,
sum(case when score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]',
sum(case when score between 70 and 85 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]',
sum(case when score between 60 and 70 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]',
sum(case when score<60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[60-0]'
from sc as sc
left join course as c
on sc.cid = c.cid
group by sc.cid;
24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次：
select 1+(select count(distinct 平均成绩)
from (select sid,avg(score) as 平均成绩
from sc group by sid)t1
where 平均成绩>t2.平均成绩) as 名次,
sid as 学生学号,平均成绩
from (select sid,avg(score) 平均成绩 from sc group by sid) as t2
order by 平均成绩 desc;
25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录（不考虑成绩并列情况）：
select sid,cid,score
from sc sc_1
where (
select count(3) from sc sc_2
where sc_1.cid = sc_2.cid
and sc_2.score>=sc_1.score)<=2
order by sc_1.cid
);
26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数：
select cid, count(sid)
from sc
group by cid;
27、查询出只选修一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名：
select sc.sid,s.sname,
count(sc.cid) as 课程数
from sc as sc
LEFT JOIN student as s
on sc.sid = s.sid
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid)=1;
28、查询男生、女生人数：
select count(ssex) as 男生人数
from student
group by ssex
having ssex = '男';
select count(2) from student
where ssex = '女';
29、查询姓“张”的学生名单：
select sid,sname
from student
where sname like '张%';
30、查询同名同姓的学生名单，并统计同名人数：
select sname,count(8)
from student
group by sname
having count(8)>1;
31、1981年出生的学生名单（注：student表中sage列的类型是datetime）:
32、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩：
select s.sname,sc.sid,avg(sc.score) as 平均成绩
from sc as sc
left join student as s
on sc.sid = s.sid
group by sc.sid
having avg(sc.score)>85;
33、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排序，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列：
select cid,avg(score)
from sc
group by cid
order by avg(score),cid desc;
34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生名字和分数：
select c.cname,s.sid,s.sname,sc.score
from course c
left join sc on sc.cid = c.cid
LEFT JOIN student s on s.sid = sc.sid
where c.cname = '数据库' and sc.score<60;
35、查询所有学生的选课情况：
select sc.sid,sc.cid,s.sname,c.cname
from sc
LEFT JOIN course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid;
36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数：
select distinct s.sid,s.sname,sc.cid,sc.score
from sc
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
left join course c on sc.cid = c.cid
where sc.score>70;
37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小的排列：
select cid
from sc
where score<60
ORDER BY cid;
38、查询课程编号为“003”且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名：
select sc.sid,s.sname
from sc
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
where sc.cid = '003' and sc.score>80;
39、求选了课程的学生人数：
select count(2) from
(select distinct sid from sc)a;
40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩：
select s.sname,sc.score
from sc sc
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
left join course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid
where t.tname = '叶平'
and sc.score = (
select max(score)
from sc sc_1
where sc.cid = sc_1.cid);
41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数：
select cid,count(*) from sc group by cid;
42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生和学号、课程号、学生成绩：
select DISTINCT a.sid,a.cid,a.score
from sc as a ,sc as b
where a.score = b.score
and a.cid <> b.cid;
43、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名：
44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排序，若人数相同，按课程号升序排序：
select cid as 课程号,count(8) as 选修人数
from sc
group by cid
HAVING count(sid)>10
order by count(8) desc,cid;
45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号：
select sid
from sc
group by sid
having count(8)>=2;
46、查询全部学生选修的课程和课程号和课程名：
select cid,cname
from course
where cid in (select cid from sc group by cid);
47、查询没学过”叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名：
select sname
from student
where sid not in (
select sid
from sc,course,teacher
where course.tid = teacher.tid and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname='叶平'
);
48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号以及其平均成绩：
select sid,avg(COALESCE(score,0))
from sc
where sid in (
select sid
from sc
where score<60
group by sid
having count(8)>2
)
group by sid;
49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号：
select sid,score
from sc
where cid='004'
and score<60
order by score desc;
50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩：
delete from sc
where sid = '002'
and cid = '001';
转载来源：https://blog.csdn.net/hundan_520520/article/details/54881208 作者：我家有只小熊二
转载来源：https://blog.csdn.net/codema/article/details/80915311 作者：codema
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